Protein Information

Name mitogen activated protein kinases (protein family or complex)
Synonyms MAPK; mitogen activated protein kinase; mitogen activated protein kinases

Compound Information

Name SMA
CAS sodium 2-chloroacetate

Reference List

PubMed Abstract RScore(About this table)
18154735 Sebe A, Masszi A, Zulys M, Yeung T, Speight P, Rotstein OD, Nakano H, Mucsi I, Szaszi K, Kapus A: Rac, PAK and p38 regulate cell contact-dependent nuclear translocation of myocardin-related transcription factor. FEBS Lett. 2008 Jan 23;582(2):291-8. Epub 2007 Dec 27.

Contact disruption by low-Ca (2+) medium (LCM) activated Rac, PAK and p38 MAPK, and triggered the nuclear accumulation of myocardin-related transcription factor (MRTF), an inducer of the SMA promoter.
81(1,1,1,1) Details
19082432 Fang KY, Shi MJ, Xiao Y, Gui HZ, Guo B, Zhang GZ: [p38 MAPK mediates high glucose-induced renal tubular epithelial-mesenchymal transition.]. Sheng Li Xue Bao. 2008 Dec 25;60(6):759-66.


The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of p38 MAPK in the renal tubular epithelial-mesenchymal transition (TEMT) induced by high glucose.
7(0,0,0,7) Details
19271115 Masamune A, Shimosegawa T: Signal transduction in pancreatic stellate cells. J Gastroenterol. 2009;44(4):249-60. Epub 2009 Mar 7.

Signaling molecules, such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-gamma), Rho/Rho kinase, nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB), mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases, phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K), Sma- and Mad-related proteins, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) might be candidates for the development of anti-fibrosis therapy targeting PSCs.
6(0,0,1,1) Details
19560950 Pappas PJ, Lal BK, Ohara N, Saito S, Zapiach L, Duran WN: Regulation of matrix contraction in chronic venous disease. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg. 2009 Oct;38(4):518-29. Epub 2009 Jun 27.


Gels were cultured with/without 0.1 ng/ml TGF-beta (1) and with/without 50 microM PD98059 (MEK and downstream-MAPK inhibitor).
6(0,0,0,6) Details
19567170 Deng ZY, Li J, Jin Y, Chen XL, Lu XW: Effect of oxymatrine on the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases signalling pathway in rats with CCl4 induced hepatic fibrosis. Chin Med J. 2009 Jun 20;122(12):1449-54.

4(0,0,0,4) Details
18669633 Ding Q, Gladson CL, Wu H, Hayasaka H, Olman MA: Focal adhesion kinase (FAK)-related non-kinase inhibits myofibroblast differentiation through differential MAPK activation in a FAK-dependent manner. J Biol Chem. 2008 Oct 3;283(40):26839-49. Epub 2008 Jul 31.

4(0,0,0,4) Details
19376089 Szuster-Ciesielska A, Plewka K, Daniluk J, Kandefer-Szerszen M: Zinc supplementation attenuates ethanol- and acetaldehyde-induced liver stellate cell activation by inhibiting reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and by influencing intracellular signaling. Biochem Pharmacol. 2009 Aug 1;78(3):301-14. Epub 2009 Apr 17.


Intracellular signals such as nuclear factor-kappaB (NFkappaB), C-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) induced by ethanol and its metabolite were also assessed.
3(0,0,0,3) Details
17615152 Cheng J, Zhang C, Shapiro DJ: A functional serine 118 phosphorylation site in estrogen receptor-alpha is required for down-regulation of gene expression by 17beta-estradiol and 4-hydroxytamoxifen. Endocrinology. 2007 Oct;148(10):4634-41. Epub 2007 Jul 5.

To evaluate the contribution of ERK1/2 phosphorylation of estrogen receptor (ER)-alpha to activation and repression of endogenous genes, we produced stably transfected lines of HeLa cells with functional ERK1/2 pathways that express similar levels of wild-type human ERalpha and ERalpha mutated to inactivate the well-known MAPK site at serine 118 (ERalphaS118A).
In contrast, for Sma and mothers against decapentaplegic-3-related, which is down-regulated by E (2) and not OHT, the S118A mutation had little effect.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
17933841 Li M, Hering-Smith KS, Simon EE, Batuman V: Myeloma light chains induce epithelial-mesenchymal transition in human renal proximal tubule epithelial cells. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2008 Mar;23(3):860-70. Epub 2007 Oct 12.


LC-induced EMT and the secretions of IL-6 and MCP-1 were, however, markedly attenuated by p38 MAPK interference.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
19287196 Yun DH, Song HY, Lee MJ, Kim MR, Kim MY, Lee JS, Kim JH: Thromboxane A (2) modulates migration, proliferation, and differentiation of adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Exp Mol Med. 2009 Jan 31;41(1):17-24.


U46619 activated ERK and p38 MAPK, and pretreatment of the cells with the MEK inhibitor U0126 or the p38 MAPK inhibitor SB202190 abrogated the U46619-induced migration, proliferation, and alpha-SMA expression.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
18988920 Shukla MN, Rose JL, Ray R, Lathrop KL, Ray A, Ray P: Hepatocyte growth factor inhibits epithelial to myofibroblast transition in lung cells via Smad7. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 2009 Jun;40(6):643-53. Epub 2008 Nov 6.


HGF induced expression of Smad7, an inhibitor of TGF-beta signaling, in a mitogen-activated protein kinase-dependent manner.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
17579091 Vepachedu R, Gorska MM, Singhania N, Cosgrove GP, Brown KK, Alam R: Unc119 regulates myofibroblast differentiation through the activation of Fyn and the p38 MAPK pathway. J Immunol. 2007 Jul 1;179(1):682-90.


Blocking p38 MAPK resulted in reduced alpha-SMA expression by Unc119 suggesting that the p38 pathway regulates Unc119-induced myofibroblast differentiation.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
19996325 Nishida A, Andoh A, Imaeda H, Inatomi O, Shiomi H, Fujiyama Y: Expression of interleukin 1-like cytokine interleukin 33 and its receptor complex (ST2L and IL1RAcP) in human pancreatic myofibroblasts. Gut. 2010 Apr;59(4):531-41. Epub 2009 Dec 8.


In human pancreatic myofibroblasts, IL33 was weakly immunoexpressed without any stimuli, and this was markedly enhanced by IL1beta, tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) via the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)-dependent AP-1 activation pathway.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
19175832 Lin YL, Wu CF, Huang YT: Effects of rhubarb on migration of rat hepatic stellate cells. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2009 Mar;24(3):453-61. Epub 2008 Oct 23.


Phosphorylations of Smad2/3 and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), including extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2, p38, and c-jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), were analyzed with Western blotting.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
19738042 Brems H, Park C, Maertens O, Pemov A, Messiaen L, Upadhyaya M, Claes K, Beert E, Peeters K, Mautner V, Sloan JL, Yao L, Lee CC, Sciot R, De Smet L, Legius E, Stewart DR: Glomus tumors in neurofibromatosis type 1: genetic, functional, and clinical evidence of a novel association. Cancer Res. 2009 Sep 15;69(18):7393-401. Epub 2009 Sep 8.


RAS mitogen-activated protein kinase hyperactivation was observed in cultured NF1 (-/-) glomus cells, reflecting a lack of inhibition of the pathway by functional neurofibromin, the protein product of NF1.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
18802055 Al-Salleeh F, Petro TM: Promoter analysis reveals critical roles for SMAD-3 and ATF-2 in expression of IL-23 p19 in macrophages. J Immunol. 2008 Oct 1;181(7):4523-33.

Inhibition of the JNK, but also the ERK MAPK pathways decreased expression of p19.
We identified potential binding sites for IFN response factor (IRF)-3 (nt -734 to -731), Sma- and Mad-related protein (SMAD)-3 (nt -584 to -581), activating transcription factor (ATF)-2 (nt -571 to -568), IRF-7 (nt -533 to-525), and NF-kappaB (nt -215 to -209) in the murine p19 promoter.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
19190330 Khawam K, Giron-Michel J, Gu Y, Perier A, Giuliani M, Caignard A, Devocelle A, Ferrini S, Fabbi M, Charpentier B, Ludwig A, Chouaib S, Azzarone B, Eid P: Human renal cancer cells express a novel membrane-bound interleukin-15 that induces, in response to the soluble interleukin-15 receptor alpha chain, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Cancer Res. 2009 Feb 15;69(4):1561-9. Epub 2009 Feb 3.


Primary human renal cancer cells (RCC) express a novel form of membrane-bound IL-15 (mb-IL-15), which displays three major original properties: (a) It is expressed as a functional membrane homodimer of 27 kDa, (b) it is shed in the extracellular environment by the metalloproteases ADAM17 and ADAM10, and (c) its stimulation by soluble IL-15 receptor alpha (s-IL-15Ralpha) chain triggers a complex reverse signal (mitogen-activated protein kinases, FAK, pMLC) necessary and sufficient to ~induce epithelial-mesenchymal transdifferentiation (EMT), a crucial process in tumor progression whose induction is unprecedented for IL-15.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
18064666 Okada Y, Tsuzuki Y, Hokari R, Miyazaki J, Matsuzaki K, Mataki N, Komoto S, Watanabe C, Kawaguchi A, Nagao S, Itoh K, Miura S: Pressure loading and ethanol exposure differentially modulate rat hepatic stellate cell activation. J Cell Physiol. 2008 May;215(2):472-80.


We also determined the expression levels of alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) by Western blot analysis and the level of collagen IV and transforming growth factor beta1 (TGF-beta1) by ELISA.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
18346908 Caraci F, Gili E, Calafiore M, Failla M, La Rosa C, Crimi N, Sortino MA, Nicoletti F, Copani A, Vancheri C: TGF-beta1 targets the GSK-3beta/beta-catenin pathway via ERK activation in the transition of human lung fibroblasts into myofibroblasts. Pharmacol Res. 2008 Apr;57(4):274-82. Epub 2008 Feb 9.


These effects were abrogated by PD98059, a specific inhibitor of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
19351384 Millino C, Fanin M, Vettori A, Laveder P, Mostacciuolo ML, Angelini C, Lanfranchi G: Different atrophy-hypertrophy transcription pathways in muscles affected by severe and mild spinal muscular atrophy. BMC Med. 2009 Apr 7;7:14.


The expression pattern of gene networks involved in atrophy signaling was completed by qRT-PCR, showing that specific pathways are involved, namely IGF/PI3K/Akt, TNF-alpha/p38 MAPK and Ras/ERK pathways.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
17943180 Thielitz A, Vetter RW, Schultze B, Wrenger S, Simeoni L, Ansorge S, Neubert K, Faust J, Lindenlaub P, Gollnick HP, Reinhold D: Inhibitors of dipeptidyl peptidase IV-like activity mediate antifibrotic effects in normal and keloid-derived skin fibroblasts. J Invest Dermatol. 2008 Apr;128(4):855-66. Epub 2007 Oct 18.


Both inhibitors lead to dephosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases pp38 and pERK1/2, which are activated upon TGF-beta1 stimulation and have been implicated in fibrogenesis.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
19470381 Wu M, Han M, Li J, Xu X, Li T, Que L, Ha T, Li C, Chen Q, Li Y: 17beta-estradiol inhibits angiotensin II-induced cardiac myofibroblast differentiation. Eur J Pharmacol. 2009 Aug 15;616(1-3):155-9. Epub 2009 May 24.


Pretreatment of 17beta-estradiol significantly reduced angiotensin II-increased levels of phospho-p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) by 40% and nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) binding activity in cardiac fibroblasts by 55%.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
19723340 Weng TC, Shen CC, Chiu YT, Lin YL, Kuo CD, Huang YT: Inhibitory effects of armepavine against hepatic fibrosis in rats. J Biomed Sci. 2009 Sep 2;16:78.


Arm also suppressed TNF-alpha-induced collagen collagen deposition, NFkappaB activation and MAPK (p38, ERK1/2, and JNK) phosphorylations.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
18435859 Piechocki MP: A stable explant culture of HER2/neu invasive carcinoma supported by alpha-Smooth Muscle Actin expressing stromal cells to evaluate therapeutic agents. BMC Cancer. 2008 Apr 24;8:119.


Within 24 h the tumor cell fraction was reduced 1.9-fold while the stromal cell fraction increased > 3-fold, consistent with specific reductions in phospho-pp44/42 MAPK, MEK1/2 and PCNA in tumor cells and reciprocal increases in the stromal cells.
1(0,0,0,1) Details