Protein Information

Name PPAR gamma
Synonyms HUMPPARG; PAX8/PPARG fusion gene; NR1C3; PPAR gamma; PPAR gamma2; PPARG; PPARG 1; PPARG 2…

Compound Information

Name SMA
CAS sodium 2-chloroacetate

Reference List

PubMed Abstract RScore(About this table)
20212046 Zhang L, Xie P, Wang J, Yang Q, Fang C, Zhou S, Li J: Impaired peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-{gamma} contributes to phenotypic modulation of vascular smooth muscle cells during hypertension. J Biol Chem. 2010 Mar 8.

11(0,0,0,11) Details
20037602 Zou R, Xu G, Liu XC, Han M, Jiang JJ, Huang Q, He Y, Yao Y: PPARgamma agonists inhibit TGF-beta-PKA signaling in glomerulosclerosis. . Acta Pharmacol Sin. 2010 Jan;31(1):43-50. Epub 2009 Dec 28.

7(0,0,0,7) Details
19271115 Masamune A, Shimosegawa T: Signal transduction in pancreatic stellate cells. 1373.e1-2. Epub 2010 Feb 13.

Signaling molecules, such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-gamma), Rho/Rho kinase, nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB), mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases, phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K), Sma- and Mad-related proteins, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) might be candidates for the development of anti-fibrosis therapy targeting PSCs.
6(0,0,1,1) Details
19286977 Ferguson HE, Kulkarni A, Lehmann GM, Garcia-Bates TM, Thatcher TH, Huxlin KR, Phipps RP, Sime PJ: Electrophilic peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma ligands have potent antifibrotic effects in human lung fibroblasts. Anat Rec. 2009 Jul;292(7):1045-61.

6(0,0,0,6) Details
20015942 Lee YJ, Han HJ: Troglitazone ameliorates high glucose-induced EMT and dysfunction of SGLTs through PI3K/Akt, GSK-3{beta}, Snail1, and {beta}-catenin in renal proximal tubule cells. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol. 2009 Dec 16.


Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) agonists ameliorate renal fibrotic lesions in diabetic nephropathy.
5(0,0,0,5) Details
19484746 Takeda K, Okamoto M, de Langhe S, Dill E, Armstrong M, Reisdorf N, Irwin D, Koster M, Wilder J, Stenmark KR, West J, Klemm D, Gelfand EW, Nozik-Grayck E, Majka SM: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-g agonist treatment increases septation and angiogenesis and decreases airway hyperresponsiveness in a model of experimental neonatal chronic lung disease. Scand J Gastroenterol. 2009;44(3):358-65.


We hypothesized that the maintenance of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) signaling is important for normal lung morphogenesis and treatment with PPARgamma agonists could protect against CLD and airway hyperreactivity (AHR) following chronic hyperoxic exposure.
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18274641 Wang W, Liu F, Chen N: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-gamma) agonists attenuate the profibrotic response induced by TGF-beta1 in renal interstitial fibroblasts. Mediators Inflamm. 2007;2007:62641.

4(0,0,0,4) Details
19002105 Kawai T, Masaki T, Doi S, Arakawa T, Yokoyama Y, Doi T, Kohno N, Yorioka N: PPAR-gamma agonist attenuates renal interstitial fibrosis and inflammation through reduction of TGF-beta. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 2009 Dec;41(6):722-30. Epub 2009 Mar 13.

3(0,0,0,3) Details
18991162 Nan YM, Fu N, Wu WJ, Liang BL, Wang RQ, Zhao SX, Zhao JM, Yu J: Rosiglitazone prevents nutritional fibrosis and steatohepatitis in mice. J Gastroenterol. 2009;44(4):249-60. Epub 2009 Mar 7.


RESULTS: At week 8, MCD-diet-induced fibrosing NASH models showed increased serum ALT and AST levels, severe hepatic steatosis, and infiltration of inflammation and fibrosis which, associated with down-regulated PPAR gamma mRNA and protein expression, up-regulated alpha-SMA protein expression and enhanced TGF-beta1, CTGF mRNA and protein expression.
3(0,0,0,3) Details
19143945 Efrati S, Berman S, Chachashvili A, Cohen N, Siman-Tov Y, Averbukh Z, Weissgarten J: Rosiglitazone treatment attenuates renal tissue inflammation generated by urinary tract obstruction. Nephrology. 2009 Apr;14(2):189-97.


AIM: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-gamma activation by rosiglitazone decreases manifestation of intrarenal inflammatory hallmarks.
3(0,0,0,3) Details
18473419 Chen H, He YW, Liu WQ, Zhang JH: Rosiglitazone prevents murine hepatic fibrosis induced by Schistosoma japonicum. World J Gastroenterol. 2008 May 14;14(18):2905-11.


NF-kappaB binding activity and expression of PPAR gamma-mRNA were determined by Western blot assay and real-time quantitative PCR.
3(0,0,0,3) Details
20205597 Lin Q, Fang LP, Zhou WW, Liu XM: Rosiglitazone inhibits migration, proliferation, and phenotypic differentiation in cultured human lung fibroblasts. Exp Lung Res. 2010 Mar;36(2):120-8.


Recent studies have indicated that peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) is capable of modulating inflammation, which prompted us to investigate the potential of PPARgamma ligands as lung protective agents in pulmonary fibrosis.
3(0,0,0,3) Details
18035585 Yu JH, Kim KH, Kim H: SOCS 3 and PPAR-gamma ligands inhibit the expression of IL-6 and TGF-beta1 by regulating JAK2/STAT3 signaling in pancreas. Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 2008;40(4):677-88. Epub 2007 Oct 12.

2(0,0,0,2) Details
19304912 Dasgupta C, Sakurai R, Wang Y, Guo P, Ambalavanan N, Torday JS, Rehan VK: Hyperoxia-induced neonatal rat lung injury involves activation of TGF-{beta} and Wnt signaling and is protected by rosiglitazone. Lab Invest. 2009 Jan;89(1):47-58. Epub 2008 Nov 10.


These changes were also accompanied by upregulation of myogenic marker proteins alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) and calponin but significant downregulation of the lipogenic marker peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARgamma) expression.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
19894400 Lee HM, Kang HJ, Park HH, Hong SC, Kim JK, Cho JH: Effect of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma agonists on myofibroblast differentiation and collagen production in nasal polyp-derived fibroblasts. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol. 2009 Oct;118(10):721-7.

2(0,0,0,2) Details
19816704 Karaoz E, Dogan BN, Aksoy A, Gacar G, Akyuz S, Ayhan S, Genc ZS, Yuruker S, Duruksu G, Demircan PC, Sariboyaci AE: Isolation and in vitro characterisation of dental pulp stem cells from natal teeth. Histochem Cell Biol. 2010 Jan;133(1):95-112. Epub 2009 Oct 9.


Ultrastructural characteristics of hNDP-SCs showed more developed and metabolically active cells. hNDP-SCs and hBM-MSCs expressed some adipogenic (leptin, adipophilin and PPARgamma), myogenic (desmin, myogenin, myosinIIa, and alpha-SMA), neurogenic (gamma-enolase, MAP2a,b, c-fos, nestin, NF-H, NF-L, GFAP and betaIII tubulin), osteogenic (osteonectin, osteocalcin, osteopontin, Runx-2, and type I collagen) and chondrogenic (type II collagen, SOX9) markers without any stimulation towards differentiation under basal conditions.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
17903364 Wang XM, Chen DF: [Effects of rosiglitazone on Kruppul-like factor 6 (KLF6) signaling in the livers of rats with nonalcoholic fatty liver fibrosis]. Zhonghua Gan Zang Bing Za Zhi. 2007 Sep;15(9):649-53.


CONCLUSION: Rosiglitazone, to a certain extent, can inhibit KLF6-TGFalpha1 signal transduction by inducing expression of PPAR-gamma, and then inhibit the activation of hepatic stellate cells and minimize hepatic fibrosis.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
20004661 McHutchison J, Goodman Z, Patel K, Makhlouf H, Rodriguez-Torres M, Shiffman M, Rockey D, Husa P, Chuang WL, Levine R, Jonas M, Theodore D, Brigandi R, Webster A, Schultz M, Watson H, Stancil B, Gardner S: Farglitazar lacks antifibrotic activity in patients with chronic hepatitis C infection. Gastroenterology. 2010 Apr;138(4):1365-73


BACKGROUND & AIMS: Farglitazar (GI262570), an insulin-sensitizing agent, selectively binds and activates peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) and inhibits stellate cell activation.
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