Protein Information

Name SMAD2
Synonyms JV18; HSMAD2; JV18 1; MADH 2; MADH2; MADR 2; MADR2; Mad protein homolog…

Compound Information

Name SMA
CAS sodium 2-chloroacetate

Reference List

PubMed Abstract RScore(About this table)
17595316 Li Q, Graff JM, O'Connor AE, Loveland KL, Matzuk MM: SMAD3 regulates gonadal tumorigenesis. . Mol Endocrinol. 2007 Oct;21(10):2472-86. Epub 2007 Jun 26.

Because Sma and Mad-related protein (SMAD) 2 and SMAD3 transduce activin signals in vitro, we attempted to define the role of SMAD3 in gonadal tumorigenesis and the wasting syndrome by generating inhibin alpha and Smad3 double mutant mice.
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19411308 Nasreen N, Mohammed KA, Mubarak KK, Baz MA, Akindipe OA, Fernandez-Bussy S, Antony VB: Pleural mesothelial cell transformation into myofibroblasts and haptotactic migration in response to TGF-beta1 in vitro. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol. 2009 Jul;297(1):L115-24. Epub 2009 May 1.


Here we demonstrate that PMC activated by TGF-beta1 undergo epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and respond with haptotactic migration to a gradient of TGF-beta1 and that the transition of PMC to myofibroblasts is dependent on smad-2 signaling.
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19259356 Chea SW, Lee KB: TGF-beta mediated epithelial-mesenchymal transition in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. Yonsei Med J. 2009 Feb 28;50(1):105-11. Epub 2009 Feb 24.


We evaluated alpha-SMA, E-cadherin, vimentin, TGF-beta1 and Smad 2/3 expression in ADPKD and compared them with those in control kidney.
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18421080 Meyer-Ter-Vehn T, Katzenberger B, Han H, Grehn F, Schlunck G: Lovastatin inhibits TGF-beta-induced myofibroblast transdifferentiation in human tenon fibroblasts. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2008 Sep;49(9):3955-60. Epub 2008 Apr 17.


Phosphorylation of the signaling proteins Smad-2/3 and p38 were detected by Western blot, and Smad-2/3 localization was determined by confocal immunofluorescence microscopy.
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18502066 Yang Y, Yang S, Chen M, Zhang X, Zou Y, Zhang X: Compound Astragalus and Salvia miltiorrhiza Extract exerts anti-fibrosis by mediating TGF-beta/Smad signaling in myofibroblasts. J Ethnopharmacol. 2008 Jul 23;118(2):264-70. Epub 2008 Apr 18.


Our experiment further demonstrated that, in vitro, (1) CASE inhibits TGF-beta (1)-dependent Smad2 phosphorylation at C-terminal region and Smad2 and Smad3 phosphorylation at linker region in MFBs in a dose-dependent manner; (2) CASE decreases the level of Smad 2/3/4 complex in MFBs induced by TGF-beta (1) in a dose-dependent manner; (3) CASE inhibits PAI-1 transcriptional activity in MFBs induced by TGF-beta (1) in a dose-dependent manner; and (4) CASE markedly decreases c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) phosphorylation in MFBs induced by TGF-beta (1).
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20034937 Schweitzer M, Mitmaker B, Obrand D, Sheiner N, Abraham C, Dostanic S, Meilleur M, Sugahara T, Chalifour LE: Atorvastatin modulates matrix metalloproteinase expression, activity, and signaling in abdominal aortic aneurysms. Vasc Endovascular Surg. 2010 Feb;44(2):116-22. Epub 2009 Dec 23.

Matrix metalloproteinase 1, MMP2, MMP3, MMP9, Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase (TIMP2), TIMP3, TIMP4, or total Sma Mothers Against Decapentaplegia (SMAD2) expression did not differ with treatment.
In contrast, AT-treated samples had significantly reduced MMP13 (P = .02), latent-transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta (P = .02), and phospho-SMAD2 (P = .029) expression than NST-treated samples.
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18539926 Londesborough A, Vaahtomeri K, Tiainen M, Katajisto P, Ekman N, Vallenius T, Makela TP: LKB1 in endothelial cells is required for angiogenesis and TGFbeta-mediated vascular smooth muscle cell recruitment. Development. 2008 Jul;135(13):2331-8.


Transforming growth factor beta (TGFbeta) pathway activity was reduced in Lkb1-deficient endothelial cells (ECs), and TGFbeta signaling from Lkb1 (-/-) ECs to adjacent mesenchyme was defective, noted as reduced SMAD2 phosphorylation.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
18813789 Naumann U, Maass P, Gleske AK, Aulwurm S, Weller M, Eisele G: Glioma gene therapy with soluble transforming growth factor-beta receptors II and III. Int J Oncol. 2008 Oct;33(4):759-65.

Binding of TGF-beta leads to the activation of an intracellular signaling cascade and subsequent phosphorylation of Sma and MAD-related proteins (SMAD).
TbetaR-IIs reduced SMAD2 phosphorylation and TGF-beta-dependent reporter activity.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
19650740 Xiao B, Liu Z, Li BS, Tang B, Li W, Guo G, Shi Y, Wang F, Wu Y, Tong WD, Guo H, Mao XH, Zou QM: Induction of microRNA-155 during Helicobacter pylori infection and its negative regulatory role in the inflammatory response. J Infect Dis. 2009 Sep 15;200(6):916-25.

RESULTS: H. pylori was able to increase the miR-155 expression in gastric epithelial cell lines and gastric mucosal tissues, and nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) and activator protein-1 (AP-1) pathway were required for the induction of miR-155. miR-155 may down-regulate IkappaB kinase epsilon, Sma- and Mad-related protein 2 (SMAD2), and Fas-associated death domain protein.
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