Protein Information

Name transferase
Synonyms 4' phosphopantetheinyl transferase; 4' phosphopantetheinyl transferase; AASD PPT; AASDHPPT; AASDPPT; Alpha aminoadipic semialdehyde dehydrogenase phosphopantetheinyl transferase; Aminoadipate semialdehyde dehydrogenase phosphopantetheinyl transferase; CGI 80…

Compound Information

Name SMA
CAS sodium 2-chloroacetate

Reference List

PubMed Abstract RScore(About this table)
18087244 Banh A, Deschamps PA, Vijayan MM, Sivak JG, West-Mays JA: The role of Hsp70 and Hsp90 in TGF-beta-induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in rat lens epithelial explants. Mol Vis. 2007 Nov 29;13:2248-62.


Apoptotic cell death was determined using the TUNEL (terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated dUTP nick end labeling) assay.
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18726131 Sims TL Jr, Hamner JB, Bush RA, Williams RF, Zhou J, Kim SU, Aboody KS, Danks MK, Davidoff AM: Neural progenitor cell-mediated delivery of interferon beta improves neuroblastoma response to cyclophosphamide. Ann Surg Oncol. 2008 Nov;15(11):3259-67. Epub 2008 Aug 23.


Mice were killed at 6 weeks, livers and kidneys weighed, and tumor removed for immunohistochemical staining for endothelial cells (CD34), pericytes (alpha-SMA), apoptosis (TUNEL [terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling]), and diI-labeled NPCs.
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18832581 Liu AC, Gotlieb AI: Transforming growth factor-beta regulates in vitro heart valve repair by activated valve interstitial cells. Am J Pathol. 2008 Nov;173(5):1275-85. Epub 2008 Oct 2.


Proliferation and apoptosis were quantified by bromodeoxyuridine staining and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling, respectively.
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18421080 Meyer-Ter-Vehn T, Katzenberger B, Han H, Grehn F, Schlunck G: Lovastatin inhibits TGF-beta-induced myofibroblast transdifferentiation in human tenon fibroblasts. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2008 Sep;49(9):3955-60. Epub 2008 Apr 17.


METHODS: Human Tenon fibroblasts were grown in culture, pretreated with lovastatin, lovastatin and mevalonate, or specific inhibitors of farnesyl transferase or geranylgeranyl transferase and were stimulated with TGF-beta1. alpha-Smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) transcription were assessed by real-time PCR. alpha-SMA protein expression and localization were studied by Western blot and confocal immunofluorescence microscopy.
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18759748 Srisawat N, Manotham K, Eiam-Ong S, Katavetin P, Praditpornsilpa K, Eiam-Ong S: Erythropoietin and its non-erythropoietic derivative: do they ameliorate renal tubulointerstitial injury in ureteral obstruction?. Int J Urol. 2008 Oct;15(11):1011-7. Epub 2008 Aug 26.


After days 3, 7, and 14 of UUO, TI injury, collagen, alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) positive cell, ED1-positive cell, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) mediated nick-end labeling (TUNEL)-positive cell, and transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) were determined.
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19444386 Cao X, Li X, Hu J, Bao Y: Hydrogen peroxide-induced cellular apoptosis is mediated by TGF-beta2 signaling pathway in cultured human lens epithelial cells. Int Ophthalmol. 2009 May 12.

The objective of this study was to investigate the signaling characteristics of transforming growth factor-beta2 (TGF-beta2) and the Smads (Caenorhabditis elegans, Sma; Drosophila mothers against dpp, Mad) signal pathway of cellular apoptosis induced by hydrogen peroxide with human lens epithelial cells (HLECs).
Cell apoptosis was examined by in situ immunocytochemistry using terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP-mediated biotin nick end labeling (TUNEL) and by flow cytometry (FCM) using Annexin V-FITC apoptosis detection.
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20219823 Kim J, Kim DS, Park M, Cho HJ, Zervos AS, Bonventre JV, Park KM: Omi/HtrA2 protease is associated with tubular cell apoptosis and fibrosis induced by unilateral ureteral obstruction. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol. 2010 Mar 10.


UUO reduced the X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP), a substrate of Omi, and pro-caspase-3, whereas it increased cleaved poly ADP-ribose polymerase (cleaved PARP) and the number of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL)-positive cells.
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19217652 Aksu B, Umit H, Kanter M, Guzel A, Aktas C, Civelek S, Uzun H: Effects of methylene blue in reducing cholestatic oxidative stress and hepatic damage after bile-duct ligation in rats. Acta Histochem. 2010 May;112(3):259-69. Epub 2009 Feb 14.


The severity of cholestasis and hepatic injury were determined by changes in the plasma, including enzymatic activities: aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, gamma glutamine transferase, and also bilirubin levels.
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20164740 Esquenazi S, He J, Li N, Bazan HE: Immunofluoresence of Rabbit Corneas After Collagen Cross-Linking Treatment With Riboflavin and Ultraviolet A. Cornea. 2010 Feb 15.


Immunohistochemistry studies of thin sections of each cornea were performed using terminal deoxynucleotyl transferase-mediated uridine triphosphate biotin nick-end labeling staining, alpha smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA), CD-3, myeloperoxidase antibodies, and 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) counterstaining.
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18071852 Liu H, Luo Y, Higa M, Zhang X, Saijo Y, Shiraishi Y, Sekine K, Yambe T: Biochemical evaluation of an artificial anal sphincter made from shape memory alloys. J Artif Organs. 2007;10(4):223-7. Epub 2007 Dec 20.


Biochemical parameters including total protein, albumin, total bilirubin, aspartate amino-transferase, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, and C-reactive protein were examined.
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19614927 Ishiguro S, Akasaka Y, Kiguchi H, Suzuki T, Imaizumi R, Ishikawa Y, Ito K, Ishii T: Basic fibroblast growth factor induces down-regulation of alpha-smooth muscle actin and reduction of myofibroblast areas in open skin wounds. Wound Repair Regen. 2009 Jul-Aug;17(4):617-25.


In contrast, bFGF administration significantly increased the number of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT)-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) staining and alpha-SMA-positive cells at days 10 and 14, and reduced the double-positive cells rapidly after day 18.
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17708838 Hu S, Zou XF, Lu Y, Lu JY, Sheng ZY: [Effects of carbachol on apoptosis of intestinal epithelial cells after gut ischemia/reperfusion in rat]. Zhongguo Wei Zhong Bing Ji Jiu Yi Xue. 2007 Aug;19(8):463-6.


The apoptosis index of intestinal epithelial cell was determined with terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining.
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