Protein Information

Name CD68
Synonyms CD68; GP110; CD68 antigen; CD68 molecule; Macrophage antigen CD68; Macrosialin; Macrosialin precursor; SCARD 1…

Compound Information

Name SMA
CAS sodium 2-chloroacetate

Reference List

PubMed Abstract RScore(About this table)
19278794 Brazowski E, Dotan I, Tulchinsky H, Filip I, Eisenthal A: Galectin-3 expression in pouchitis in patients with ulcerative colitis who underwent ileal pouch-anal anastomosis (IPAA). Pathol Res Pract. 2009;205(8):551-8. Epub 2009 Mar 10.


Paraffin-embedded pouch biopsies from patients with normal pouch function or chronic and recurrent acute pouchitis were immunohistostained with galectin-3, CD68, and smooth muscle actin (SMA) antibodies.
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19335429 Chen YF, Chao CM, Liu HN: Cutaneous plasma cell granuloma: report of a case with novel histologic and immunohistochemical findings. Int J Dermatol. 2009 Apr;48(4):409-11.


Abundant CD68+ macrophages were observed within the lesion (Fig. 3a), and about 50-75% of the inflammatory cells were found to express cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) (Fig. 3b).
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17695417 Angiero F, Rizzuti T, Crippa R, Stefani M: Fibrosarcoma of the jaws: two cases of primary tumors with intraosseous growth. Anticancer Res. 2007 Jul-Aug;27(4C):2573-81.


We discuss the differential diagnosis versus other forms of sarcoma, examining the morphological appearance that is frequently very similar, the immunohistochemical expression of MIB-1, vimentin, S-100, CD-34, CD68, EMA, as well as conventional clinicopathological features that may help to distinguish FS from other sarcomas.
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18655369 Szpor J, Dyduch G: From hamartoma to splenic hemangioma. . Pol J Pathol. 2008;59(1):33-41.


Immunohistochemistry including CD34, CD31, factor VIII, CD8, CD21, CD68, lysosyme, GLUT-1, D2-40, VEGFR3, SMA, Ki67 were performed. 8 benign vascular lesions were identified, including two hamartomas, two lesions representing sclerosing angiomatoid nodular transformation (SANT) and four hemangiomas.
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18818213 Rodriguez-Menocal L, St-Pierre M, Wei Y, Khan S, Mateu D, Calfa M, Rahnemai-Azar AA, Striker G, Pham SM, Vazquez-Padron RI: The origin of post-injury neointimal cells in the rat balloon injury model. Cardiovasc Res. 2009 Jan 1;81(1):46-53. Epub 2008 Sep 25.


BM-derived monocytes/macrophages (CD68 (+) GFP (+)) were abundant in the media and adventitia of injured vessels harvested at 7 days as determined by immunofluorescence and confocal microscopy.
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18976289 Djamali A, Vidyasagar A, Adulla M, Hullett D, Reese S: Nox-2 is a modulator of fibrogenesis in kidney allografts. Am J Transplant. 2009 Jan;9(1):74-82. Epub 2008 Oct 31.


Interstitial macrophages (CD68 (+)) and myofibroblasts (alpha-SMA (+)) expressed Nox-2 while graft infiltrating T cells (CD3 (+)) and mature fibroblasts (S100A4 (+)) were Nox-2 (-).
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19615014 Kluger N, Dumas-Tesici A, Hamel D, Brousse N, Fraitag S: Fibroblastic rheumatism: fibromatosis rather than non-Langerhans cell histiocytosis. J Cutan Pathol. 2009 Jul 13.


Histopathology and immunochemistry studies were performed on skin biospies using CD68, CD163, desmin, factor XIIIa, CD34, smooth muscle actin, PS100, epithelial membrane antigen, and calponin.
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18446631 Pauli J, Gundelach R, Vanelli-Rees A, Rees G, Campbell C, Dubey S, Perry C: Juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma: an immunohistochemical characterisation of the stromal cell. Pathology. 2008 Jun;40(4):396-400.


Our objective is to evaluate the immunohistochemical phenotype of the stromal cell of JNA, particularly within the proliferative zone of the tumour, by application of antibodies against MNF116, CAM5.2, S-100, CD31, CD34, CD99, CD68, vimentin, EMA, SMA, desmin, calponin, Bcl-2 and (CD117) c-kit in a series of 54 cases.
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20055602 Alaggio R, Collini P, Randall L, Barnette P, Smith L, Coffin CM: High Grade Pleomorphic Undifferentiated Sarcomas In Children: A Clinicopathologic Study Of 10 Cases and review of literature. Pediatr Dev Pathol. 2010 Jan 7.


CD68 and desmin were positive in 2 cases each, SMA in 4, S100 in one.
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20070153 Eyden B: Pleomorphic rhabdomyosarcoma showing smooth-muscle and fibrohistiocytic differentiation: a single case report. Ultrastruct Pathol. 2010 Feb;34(1):42-7.


The tumor was positive for vimentin, desmin, alpha-smooth-muscle actin, alpha-sarcomeric actin, myogenin, MyoD1, and CD68.
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19153557 Ceyhan GO, Deucker S, Demir IE, Erkan M, Schmelz M, Bergmann F, Muller MW, Giese T, Buchler MW, Giese NA, Friess H: Neural fractalkine expression is closely linked to pain and pancreatic neuritis in human chronic pancreatitis. Lab Invest. 2009 Mar;89(3):347-61. Epub 2009 Jan 19.


Their expression correlated with the severity of pancreatic neuritis, fibrosis, intrapancreatic nerve fiber density and hypertrophy, pain, CP duration and with the amount of inflammatory cell infiltrate immuno-positive for CD45 and CD68.
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18802012 Hao Q, Liu J, Pappu R, Su H, Rola R, Gabriel RA, Lee CZ, Young WL, Yang GY: Contribution of bone marrow-derived cells associated with brain angiogenesis is primarily through leukocytes and macrophages. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2008 Dec;28(12):2151-7. Epub 2008 Sep 18.


The GFP-positive BMDCs were colocalized with CD45 (94%), CD68 (71%), 5% Vimentin (5%), CD31/von Willebrand factor (vWF) (1%), and alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha -SMA, 0.5%).
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19670705 Gajda M, Zagolski O, Jasztal A, Lis GJ, Adamek D, Litwin JA: Giant schwannoma of the cheek--a comprehensive histological and immunohistochemical description of a rare tumour. Pol J Pathol. 2009 Mar;60(1):52-6.


Cells of the macrophage family (CD68-immunopositive) were scattered in the connective tissue.
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18519229 Gajda M, Jawien J, Mateuszuk L, Lis GJ, Radziszewski A, Chlopicki S, Litwin JA: Triple immunofluorescence labeling of atherosclerotic plaque components in apoE/LDLR -/- mice. Folia Histochem Cytobiol. 2008;46(2):143-6.

We used combined direct and indirect procedures applying commercially available primary antibodies raised in different species to detect smooth muscle cells (Cy3-conjugated mouse anti-smooth muscle actin, SMA), macrophages (rat anti-CD68) and T lymphocytes (rabbit anti-CD3).
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19093260 Hornychova H, Melichar B, Tomsova M, Mergancova J, Urminska H, Ryska A: Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes predict response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in patients with breast carcinoma. Cancer Invest. 2008 Dec;26(10):1024-31.

In the remaining 63 patients, a significant decrease in the percentage of Ki-67, vascular endothelial growth factor expression, CD68 (+) monocytes, and increased CD31 (+), CD34 (+), and SMA (+) stromal vessels, maximal CD3 (+) and CD56 (+) lymphocyte, maximal and mean CD83 (+) cell, maximal CD1a (+), and maximal and mean S100 (+) cell counts were observed after neoadjuvant chemotherapy.
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20126587 Vasco PG, Rodriguez JL, Martinez JI, Campora RG, Davidson HG: Immunohistochemical organization patterns of the follicular dendritic cells, myofibroblasts and macrophages in the human spleen--new considerations on the pathological diagnosis of splenectomy pieces. Int J Clin Exp Pathol. 2009 Dec 10;3(2):189-202.


We analyzed the usefulness of the monoclonal antibodies CD45RO, CD20, CD21, CD35, CD68, caldesmon, the smooth muscle alpha-actin type 1 (SMA-1) in 91 specimens.
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19542195 Osada S, Hamada C, Shimaoka T, Kaneko K, Horikoshi S, Tomino Y: Alterations in proteoglycan components and histopathology of the peritoneum in uraemic and peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2009 Nov;24(11):3504-12. Epub 2009 Jun 19.


Expressions of decorin, versican, hyaluronan, MMP-2, alfa smooth muscle actin (alphaSMA) and CD68 for macrophages in these specimens were examined by immunohistochemical staining.
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20004561 Katori Y, Cho BH, Song CH, Fujimiya M, Murakami G, Kawase T: Smooth-to-striated muscle transition in human esophagus: an immunohistochemical study using fetal and adult materials. Ann Anat. 2010 Feb 20;192(1):33-41. Epub 2009 Nov 10.


METHODS: In horizontal sections of 10 human fetuses between 9 and 16 weeks of gestation, we identified immunoreactivity for smooth muscle actin (SMA), striated muscle myosin heavy chain (MyH), desmin, PGP9.5, S100 protein, c-kit, and CD68 in the thoracic esophagus.
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20019772 Sun Y, Liu YQ, Feng GS, Li JY: [Role of transforming growth factor beta1 in the development of atrophic gastritis]. Beijing Da Xue Xue Bao. 2009 Dec 18;41(6):635-9.


METHODS: The expressions of TGFbeta1, CD68 and smooth muscle actin (SMA) were detected immunohistochemically in 10 patients with mild non-atrophic gastritis, 30 patients with mild non-metaplastic atrophic gastritis, and 32 patients with severe non-metaplastic atrophic gastritis having H.pylori infecion.
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18996463 Mu Y, Liu P, Du G, Du J, Wang G, Long A, Wang L, Li F: Action mechanism of Yi Guan Jian Decoction on CCl4 induced cirrhosis in rats. J Ethnopharmacol. 2009 Jan 12;121(1):35-42. Epub 2008 Oct 18.


At 12th weekend, the rats were sacrificed for sampling and detection of liver function, histological changes of liver tissue, liver tissue hydroxyproline content and expression of alpha-SMA, CD68, MMP-13, TIMP-1, TIMP-2, Caspase-12, HGFalpha, MMP-2, MMP-9 and hepatocyte apoptotic index.
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18586873 Nakashizuka H, Mitsumata M, Okisaka S, Shimada H, Kawamura A, Mori R, Yuzawa M: Clinicopathologic findings in polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2008 Nov;49(11):4729-37. Epub 2008 Jun 27.


Immunohistochemical studies were also performed to identify CD34, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), CD68, alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) and hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1alpha.
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18317806 Maeda T, Hashitani S, Zushi Y, Segawa E, Tanaka N, Sakurai K, Urade M: Establishment of a nude mouse transplantable model of a human malignant fibrous histiocytoma of the mandible with high metastatic potential to the lung. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol. 2008 Sep;134(9):1005-11. Epub 2008 Mar 4.


Immunohistochemically, both the original and xenografted tumors expressed vimentin, S-100, alpha-SMA, and histiocytic marker CD68.
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