Protein Information

Name superoxide dismutase
Synonyms IPO B; Indophenoloxidase B; MNSOD; Manganese superoxide dismutase; Manganese containing superoxide dismutase; Mangano superoxide dismutase; Mn superoxide dismutase; Mn SOD…

Compound Information

Name ferrous sulfate
CAS sulfuric acid iron(2+) salt (1:1)

Reference List

PubMed Abstract RScore(About this table)
16364055 Murakami K, Ohara Y, Haneda M, Tsubouchi R, Yoshino M: Prooxidant action of hinokitiol: hinokitiol-iron dependent generation of reactive oxygen species. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol. 2005 Dec;97(6):392-4.


The inactivation of aconitase was iron-dependent, and prevented by TEMPOL, a scavenger of reactive oxygen species and superoxide dismutase, suggesting that the hinokitiol/iron-mediated generation of superoxide anion is responsible for the inactivation of aconitase.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
2553987 Kaneko M, Lee SL, Wolf CM, Dhalla NS: Reduction of calcium channel antagonist binding sites by oxygen free radicals in rat heart. J Mol Cell Cardiol. 1989 Sep;21(9):935-43.


Superoxide dismutase showed a protective effect on the superoxide radicals induced reduction in Bmax.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
10915642 Rao RK, Li L, Baker RD, Baker SS, Gupta A: Glutathione oxidation and PTPase inhibition by hydrogen peroxide in Caco-2 cell monolayer. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 2000 Aug;279(2):G332-40.

Xanthine oxidase-induced permeability was potentiated by superoxide dismutase and prevented by catalase.
H (2) O (2)-induced permeability was prevented by ferrous sulfate and potentiated by deferoxamine and 1,10-phenanthroline.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
11978886 Friel JK, Martin SM, Langdon M, Herzberg GR, Buettner GR: Milk from mothers of both premature and full-term infants provides better antioxidant protection than does infant formula. Pediatr Res. 2002 May;51(5):612-8.

In experiment 3, addition of catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase to formulas (n = 4) increased resistance to oxidative stress.
Ferrous sulfate plus vitamin C added to human milk and formulas fortified with iron increased oxidative stress.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
15526409 Hemalatha S, Raghunath M, Ghafoorunissa: Dietary sesame oils inhibits iron-induced oxidative stress in rats [corrected]. Br J Nutr. 2004 Oct;92(4):581-7.

After 45 d of feeding, eight rats from each group were injected with saline (9 g Na Cl/l, controls) intraperitoneally while the remaining eight rats were injected with 30 mg Fe2+/kg body weight as ferrous sulfate in normal saline.
Despite similar tocopherol levels in the three diets, hepatic a-tocopherol levels were higher in rats fed the sesame-oil diets (groups 2 and 3) compared with controls (group 1).However, activities of hepatic antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase) were significantly (P < 0-05) increased only in rats fed higher levels of lignans (group 3).
1(0,0,0,1) Details
2912000 Yadrick MK, Kenney MA, Winterfeldt EA: Iron, copper, and zinc status: response to supplementation with zinc or zinc and iron in adult females. Am J Clin Nutr. 1989 Jan;49(1):145-50.

Group Z received 50 mg Zn/d as Zn gluconate; group F-Z received 50 mg Fe as ferrous sulfate monohydrate in addition to the Zn.
For Group Z, serum ferritin, hematocrit, and erythrocyte Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase (ESOD) were significantly lower (p less than 0.05) after 10 wk supplementation compared with pretreatment levels.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
3722201 Martin ME, Byers BR, Olson MO, Salin ML, Arceneaux JE, Tolbert C: A Streptococcus mutans superoxide dismutase that is active with either manganese or iron as a cofactor. J Biol Chem. 1986 Jul 15;261(20):9361-7.

Dialysis of the FeSOD with o-phenanthroline and sodium ascorbate generated aposuperoxide dismutase with 94% loss of activity; subsequent dialysis of apoenzyme with either manganese sulfate or ferrous sulfate reconstituted activity (recoveries of 37 and 30%, respectively).
6(0,0,0,6) Details
3985629 Gregory EM: Characterization of the O2-induced manganese-containing superoxide dismutase from Bacteroides fragilis. Arch Biochem Biophys. 1985 Apr;238(1):83-9.

5(0,0,0,5) Details
10914467 Tomeckova V, Barnova E, Guzy J, Chavkova Z, Marekova M, Dubayova K, Kusnir J: [Fe2+-induced oxidative processes in the liver mitochondria of rats] . Bratisl Lek Listy. 2000;101(4):213-8.


The study included the investigation of consumption of oxygen in state 4 (without ADP addition) and in state 3 (with ADP addition), and the activities of ATP-ase, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione reductase.
4(0,0,0,4) Details
14615726 Friel JK, Aziz K, Andrews WL, Harding SV, Courage ML, Adams RJ: A double-masked, randomized control trial of iron supplementation in early infancy in healthy term breast-fed infants. J Pediatr. 2003 Nov;143(5):582-6.

STUDY DESIGN: Term breast-fed infants (n=77) were randomly selected to receive either 7.5 mg per day of elemental iron as ferrous sulfate or placebo from 1 to 6 months of age.
Complete blood count and ferritin, red cell superoxide dismutase, catalase, plasma ferric reducing antioxidant power, and zinc and copper levels were analyzed at 1, 3.5, 6, and 12 months of age.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
9051661 O'Regan MH, Song D, VanderHeide SJ, Phillis JW: Free radicals and the ischemia-evoked extracellular accumulation of amino acids in rat cerebral cortex. Neurochem Res. 1997 Mar;22(3):273-80.

Administration of H2O2 plus ferrous sulfate significantly elevated both pre-ischemic amino acid release and ischemia-evoked release.
A role for free radical generating systems in the development of ischemic injury is supported by the ability of superoxide dismutase plus catalase to reduce ischemia-evoked amino acid efflux into cortical superfusates.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
8909696 Hunaiti AA, Saleh MS: Effects of iron, zinc, calcium, and vitamins on the activity and contents of human placental copper/zinc and manganese superoxide dismutases. Biol Trace Elem Res. 1996 Sep;54(3):231-8.

Group A was orally given one spansule per day containing 150 mg dried ferrous sulfate, 61.8 mg zinc sulfate, and 500 micrograms folic acid, starting from the first 4 wk of pregnancy and ending at the day of delivery.
3(0,0,0,3) Details
845116 Gregory EM, Kowalski JB, Holdeman LV: Production and some properties of catalase and superoxide dismutase from the anaerobe Bacteroides distasonis. J Bacteriol. 1977 Mar;129(3):1298-302.

The effect of hemin on catalase production could not be duplicated by ferrous sulfate or ferrous ammonium citrate.
3(0,0,0,3) Details
16350751 Hospodar'ov DV, Lushchak VI: [Effect of iron ions on the antioxidant enzyme activities in yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae]. Ukr Biokhim Zh. 2004 Nov-Dec;76(6):100-5.


Superoxide dismutase activity grown in the medium with 500 microM of ferrous sulphate.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
218715 Hoffman PS, George HA, Krieg NR, Smibert RM: Studies of the microaerophilic nature of Campylobacter fetus subsp. jejuni. Can J Microbiol. 1979 Jan;25(1):8-16.

The addition of bovine superoxide dismutase to Brucella broth or Brucellar agar greatly echanced the oxygen tolerance of Campylobacter fetus subsp. jejuni strain H840 (ATCC 29428).
All of the diverse compounds which enhance oxygen tolerance of C. fetus, including nor-epinephrine and a combination of ferrous sulfate, sodium metabisulfite, and sodium pyruvate, share the ability to quench either superoxide anions or hydrogen peroxide.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
8571401 Rao GS: Glutathionyl hydroquinone: a potent pro-oxidant and a possible toxic metabolite of benzene. Toxicology. 1996 Jan 8;106(1-3):49-54.


The presence of oxyradical scavengers, viz., thiourea, mannitol, albumin, superoxide dismutase, catalase and dimethyl sulfoxide caused significant inhibition of degradation of DNA by GHQ and iron.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
6695379 Artman M, Olson RD, Boucek RJ Jr, Boerth RC: Depression of contractility in isolated rabbit myocardium following exposure to iron: role of free radicals. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 1984 Feb;72(2):324-32.

A 90-min exposure to iron (1.8 mM; as ferrous sulfate) reduced the peak-developed tension and the maximal rate of tension development.
The presence of either N-acetylcysteine (20 mM), superoxide dismutase (2000 units/ml), or mannitol (5 mM) prevented this depression of contractility.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
3918462 Wei EP, Christman CW, Kontos HA, Povlishock JT: Effects of oxygen radicals on cerebral arterioles. Am J Physiol. 1985 Feb;248(2 Pt 2):H157-62.

Similar effects were seen in small, but not in large, arterioles during topical application of hydrogen peroxide or hydrogen peroxide plus ferrous sulfate, a combination that produces free hydroxyl radical.
The functional changes caused by xanthine oxidase plus xanthine were inhibited completely by superoxide dismutase plus catalase.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
15804172 Jubeh TT, Antler S, Haupt S, Barenholz Y, Rubinstein A: Local prevention of oxidative stress in the intestinal epithelium of the rat by adhesive liposomes of superoxide dismutase and tempamine. Mol Pharm. 2005 Jan-Feb;2(1):2-11.

Reactive hydroxyl radicals were generated in situ in a closed circulating intestinal loop of the rat from the reaction between hypoxanthine and xanthine oxidase in the presence of chelated ferrous sulfate.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
9261900 Gonzalez PK, Doctrow SR, Malfroy B, Fink MP: Role of oxidant stress and iron delocalization in acidosis-induced intestinal epithelial hyperpermeability. Shock. 1997 Aug;8(2):108-14.

Lactic acid-induced hyperpermeability to both FS and FD4 was reduced by adding either 30 microM EUK-8, a superoxide dismutase/catalase mimetic, or catalase (10 (4) U/mL).
Incubation with ferrous sulfate (100 microM) exacerbated both lactic acid-induced hyperpermeability to FS and lactic acid-induced lipid peroxidation.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
8867648 Droy-Lefaix MT, Cluzel J, Menerath JM, Bonhomme B, Doly M: Antioxidant effect of a Ginkgo biloba extract (EGb 761) on the retina. . Int J Tissue React. 1995;17(3):93-100.

On isolated rat retina, EGb 761 given orally significantly protected against lipoperoxidation induced by a mixture of ferrous sulfate and sodium ascorbate added to the perfusion solution.
Like other antioxidants such as superoxide dismutase tested on these models, EGb 761 significantly attenuated, according to a dose-response effect, the free-radical injury.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
6096396 Niwa Y, Sakane T, Miyachi Y, Ozaki M: Oxygen metabolism in phagocytes of leprotic patients: enhanced endogenous superoxide dismutase activity and hydroxyl radical generation by clofazimine. J Clin Microbiol. 1984 Nov;20(5):837-42.

2(0,0,0,2) Details
16303697 Domellof M, Dewey KG, Cohen RJ, Lonnerdal B, Hernell O: Iron supplements reduce erythrocyte copper-zinc superoxide dismutase activity in term, breastfed infants. Acta Paediatr. 2005 Nov;94(11):1578-82.

2(0,0,0,2) Details
11520911 Ravati A, Ahlemeyer B, Becker A, Klumpp S, Krieglstein J: Preconditioning-induced neuroprotection is mediated by reactive oxygen species and activation of the transcription factor nuclear factor-kappaB. J Neurochem. 2001 Aug;78(4):909-19.


Furthermore, preconditioning increased the protein level of Mn-superoxide dismutase which could be blocked by antioxidants, cycloheximide and kappaB decoy DNA.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
8501704 Sugino N, Nakamura Y, Takeda O, Ishimatsu M, Kato H: Changes in activities of superoxide dismutase and lipid peroxide in corpus luteum during pregnancy in rats. J Reprod Fertil. 1993 Mar;97(2):347-51.

2(0,0,0,2) Details
8536816 Naito Y, Yoshikawa T, Yoneta T, Yagi N, Matsuyama K, Arai M, Tanigawa T, Kondo M: A new gastric ulcer model in rats produced by ferrous iron and ascorbic acid injection. Digestion. 1995;56(6):472-8.


Treatment with superoxide dismutase (SOD, recombinant human CuZnSOD) significantly reduced the size of the ulcers and inhibited the accumulation in lipid peroxides in the gastric mucosa, while treatment with apo-SOD or heat-inactivated SOD did not.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
9093540 Alam MS, Ku K, Hashimoto M, Nosaka S, Saitoh Y, Yamauchi M, Masumura S, Nakayama K, Tamura K: Hydroxyl radical scavenging effect of nicaraven in myocardial and coronary endothelial preservation and reperfusion injury. Cardiovasc Res. 1997 Mar;33(3):686-92.


Group 1, 8- and 12-h storage in histidine-tryptophan-ketoglutarate (HTK) solution; group 2, 8- and 12-h storage in HTK solution with superoxide dismutase (2.5 x 10 (5) U/I) and catalase (2 x 10 (5) U/I); group 3, 8- and 12-h storage in HTK solution with nicaraven (10 (-3) M).
1(0,0,0,1) Details
9467884 Samanta L, Chainy GB: Comparison of hexachlorocyclohexane-induced oxidative stress in the testis of immature and adult rats. Comp Biochem Physiol C Pharmacol Toxicol Endocrinol. 1997 Nov;118(3):319-27.


Activities of testicular cytosolic superoxide dismutases (total and CN (-)-resistant) of rats of 15- and 90-day-old age groups decreased significantly after 6 hr of HCH treatment, and remained decreased till 24 hr of the pesticide treatment.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
17085785 Sompol P, Xu Y, Ittarat W, Daosukho C, St Clair D: NF-kappaB-associated MnSOD induction protects against beta-amyloid-induced neuronal apoptosis. J Mol Neurosci. 2006;29(3):279-88.


Expression of manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), a nuclear-encoded mitochondrial primary antioxidant enzyme, is protective against various paradigms of oxidative stress-induced brain injury.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
10381611 Babizhayev MA, Semiletov YA, Lul'kin YA, Sakina NL, Savel'yeva EL, Deyev AI, Alimbarova LI, Barinskii IF, Nicolay J, Paillet C, Langrand G, Seguin F: Cellular signalling and free-radical modulating activities of the novel peptidomimetic L-glutamyl-histamine. Biochemistry. 1999 May;64(5):510-22.

L-Glu-Hist concentration-dependently accelerates a decrease in ferrous iron in ferrous sulfate solution and shows ferroxidase-like activity at concentrations less than 3 mM in the phenanthroline assay, whereas in the concentration range 3-20 mM it restricts the availability of Fe2+ to phenanthroline by chelation of iron ions.
The stimulation of LPO by L-Glu-Hist is related to its ability at low concentrations (*0.05 mM) to release O2 free radicals as determined by the superoxide dismutase-inhibitable reduction of cytochrome c.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
1337642 Ferrandi B, Cremonesi F, Consiglio AL, Carnevali A, Porcelli F: Cytophotometric assay of cytochrome oxidase, lactate dehydrogenase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activities in human peroxidized spermatozoa. Acta Histochem. 1992;93(2):363-70.


The glutathione system provides a basic defense against peroxidative damage, without which the superoxide dismutase system would dominate.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
3025753 Nagase S, Aoyagi K, Narita M, Tojo S: Active oxygen in methylguanidine synthesis. . Nephron. 1986;44(4):299-303.


MG synthesis is moderately stimulated by the superoxide radical derived from 3 mM hypoxanthine and 0.015 units/ml xanthine oxidase and inhibited by the addition of superoxide dismutase.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
18684804 Chao HM, Chen YH, Liu JH, Lee SM, Lee FL, Chang Y, Yeh PH, Pan WH, Chi CW, Liu TY, Lui WY, Ho LT, Kuo CD, Lin DE, Chan CC, Yang DM, Lin AM, Chao FP: Iron-generated hydroxyl radicals kill retinal cells in vivo: effect of ferulic acid. Hum Exp Toxicol. 2008 Apr;27(4):327-39.


Siderosis also resulted in an excessive glutamate release, increased [Ca (++)](i), and enhanced superoxide dismutase immunoreactivity.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
8308714 Rubinstein A, Kakunda A, Kohen R: Protection of the rat jejunal mucosa against oxidative injury by cationized superoxide dismutase. J Pharm Sci. 1993 Dec;82(12):1285-7.

Mucosal damage was induced in a closed circulating intestinal loop of the rat either by a mixture of xanthine and xanthine oxidase or by a mixture of xanthine, xanthine oxidase, and chelated ferrous sulfate.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
8352936 Aitken RJ, Harkiss D, Buckingham DW: Analysis of lipid peroxidation mechanisms in human spermatozoa. . Mol Reprod Dev. 1993 Jul;35(3):302-15.


This conclusion was reinforced by the inability of reagents that would limit the formation (superoxide dismutase and/or catalase) or availability (mannitol, formate) of hydroxyl radicals, to influence malondialdehyde generation.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
8042771 Hong CY, Lee MF, Lai LJ, Wang CP: Effect of lipid peroxidation on beating frequency of human sperm tail. . Andrologia. 1994 Mar-Apr;26(2):61-5.


This inhibition can be reversed dose-dependently by superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione, and albumin.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
7786029 Byvoet P, Balis JU, Shelley SA, Montgomery MR, Barber MJ: Detection of hydroxyl radicals upon interaction of ozone with aqueous media or extracellular surfactant: the role of trace iron. Arch Biochem Biophys. 1995 Jun 1;319(2):464-9.


Addition of 10 microM ferrous sulfate to this mixture produced a 10-fold increase of the signal, which was attenuated in the presence of 1500 U catalase, strongly attenuated with 50-500 microM deferoxamine or 8000 U catalase and abolished by higher concentration of deferoxamine (1 mM).
0(0,0,0,0) Details
16791875 Komrskova D, Lojek A, Hrbac J, Ciz M: A comparison of chemical systems for luminometric determination of antioxidant capacity towards individual reactive oxygen species. Luminescence. 2006 Jul-Aug;21(4):239-44.


The aim of the study was to investigate the reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in the hypoxanthine-xanthinoxidase (HX-XO), hydrogen peroxide-ferrous sulphate (H2O2-FeSO4) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) systems by using various concentrations of ROS scavengers, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), dimethylthiourea (DMTU) or catalase (CAT).
1(0,0,0,1) Details
15963385 Schumann K, Kroll S, Weiss G, Frank J, Biesalski HK, Daniel H, Friel J, Solomons NW: Monitoring of hematological, inflammatory and oxidative reactions to acute oral iron exposure in human volunteers: preliminary screening for selection of potentially-responsive biomarkers. Toxicology. 2005 Aug 15;212(1):10-23. Epub 2005 Apr 18.

METHODS:Three healthy volunteers provided morning, fasting samples of blood and urine on up to 13 study days--3 before, 7 during and 3 following a 7-consecutive-day period of receiving 120 mg of iron per day as ferrous sulfate in commercially available syrup.
Among the oxidative biomarkers, expression of blood superoxide dismutase (SOD), hemoxygenase-1, catalase as well as circulating thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), total oxidative capacity and carbonyl proteins were stable in response to iron exposure.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
12517328 Vaughan JE, Walsh SW: Oxidative stress reproduces placental abnormalities of preeclampsia. . Hypertens Pregnancy. 2002;21(3):205-23.


METHODS: We tested this possibility in vitro by exposing a trophoblast-like cell line, ED27, to a combination of linoleic acid (LA, 90 microM) and an oxidizing solution composed of hypoxanthine, xanthine oxidase and ferrous sulfate (OxLA) for 6 days.
0(0,0,0,0) Details
8157223 Reddy AC, Lokesh BR: Effect of dietary turmeric (Curcuma longa) on iron-induced lipid peroxidation in the rat liver. Food Chem Toxicol. 1994 Mar;32(3):279-83.


The activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase were higher (by 19, 19 and 20%, respectively) in liver homogenates of rats fed the turmeric-containing diet in comparison with the controls.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
8080446 Wei N, Sadrzadeh SM: Enhancement of hemin-induced membrane damage by artemisinin. Biochem Pharmacol. 1994 Aug 17;48(4):737-41.


However, superoxide dismutase (500 U/mL) and dithiothreitol blocked artemisinin-hemin or hemin-mediated ATPase inhibition significantly (P < 0.001).
1(0,0,0,1) Details
9060477 Furukawa K, Estus S, Fu W, Mark RJ, Mattson MP: Neuroprotective action of cycloheximide involves induction of bcl-2 and antioxidant pathways. J Cell Biol. 1997 Mar 10;136(5):1137-49.


In addition, activity levels of the antioxidant enzymes Cu/Zn-superoxide dismutase, Mn-superoxide dismutase, and catalase were significantly increased in cultures exposed to neuroprotective levels of CHX.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
3917873 Scott JA, Khaw BA, Locke E, Haber E, Homcy C: The role of free radical-mediated processes in oxygen-related damage in cultured murine myocardial cells. Circ Res. 1985 Jan;56(1):72-7.

Superoxide dismutase decreased antimyosin uptake at pH 6.7 and 7.5.
Mannitol, a scavenger of hydroxyl radicals, was effective in reducing antimyosin uptake at pH 7.5 in the presence of ferrous sulfate, but had no effect on antimyosin uptake in the absence of ferrous sulfate, suggesting possible iron-mediated catalysis of hydroxyl radical formation.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
11918852 Wang ZP, Chen YR, Zheng RL, Lu JZ, Wang JJ: Effects of reactive oxygen species on lymphokine-activated killer cells in patients with bladder cancer. Acta Pharmacol Sin. 2002 Mar;23(3):257-62.

The stimulation induced by O2-. can be overcome to control level by superoxide dismutase (SOD) 3 10 (5) U/L.
The hydroxyl radical (.OH) was produced by adding ascorbic acid (AA) 0.5 - 400 micromol/L and ferrous sulfate (Fe2+) 0.05 - 40 micromol/L in CM.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
7745953 Zager RA, Burkhart KM, Gmur DJ: Postischemic proximal tubular resistance to oxidant stress and Ca2+ ionophore-induced attack. Lab Invest. 1995 May;72(5):592-600.


As an index of endogenous antioxidant defenses, PTS catalase and superoxide dismutase activities were determined.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
15752568 Babizhayev MA, Semiletov YA, Lul'kin YA, Sakina NL, Savel'yeva EL, Alimbarova LM, Barinskii IP: 3D molecular modeling, free radical modulating and immune cells signaling activities of the novel peptidomimetic L-glutamyl-histamine: possible immunostimulating role. Peptides. 2005 Apr;26(4):551-63. Epub 2004 Dec 29.

L-Glu-Hist accelerated the decrease of ferrous iron in the ferrous sulfate solution in a concentration-dependent mode and showed the ferroxidase-like activity at concentrations less than 3 mM in the phenanthroline assay, whereas in the concentration range 3-20 mM L-Glu-Hist restricted the availability of Fe2+ to phenanthroline due to binding of ferrous ions in chelating complexes.
The stimulation of LPO by L-Glu-Hist was related to the ability of peptidomimetic in small (approximately 0.05 mM) concentrations to release O2*- free radicals as determined by the superoxide dismutase-inhibitable cytochrome c reduction assay.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
8619017 Wardman P, Candeias LP: Fenton chemistry: an introduction. Radiat Res. 1996 May;145(5):523-31.


Since Fridovich and colleagues discovered the importance of superoxide dismutase in 1968, numerous studies have sought to explain the deleterious effects of cellular oxidative stress in terms of superoxide-driven Fenton chemistry.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
1332614 Sellak H, Franzini E, Hakim J, Pasquier C: Mechanism of lysozyme inactivation and degradation by iron. Arch Biochem Biophys. 1992 Nov 15;299(1):172-8.


Desferal (1 mM) and Detapac (1 mM) added before iron, prevented lysozyme inactivation, while catalase (100 micrograms/ml), superoxide dismutase (100 micrograms/ml) and bovine serum albumin (100 micrograms/ml) gave about 30 to 40% protection by competing with lysozyme for iron binding.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
12916070 Thirunavukkarasu V, Anuradha CV, Viswanathan P: Protective effect of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum graecum) seeds in experimental ethanol toxicity. Phytother Res. 2003 Aug;17(7):737-43.


Significantly lower activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione S-transferase and glutathione reductase were observed in liver and brain accompanied by depletion in glutathione, ascorbic acid and alpha-tocopherol concentrations.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
8394084 Rohn TT, Hinds TR, Vincenzi FF: Ion transport ATPases as targets for free radical damage. Biochem Pharmacol. 1993 Aug 3;46(3):525-34.


Preincubation of red blood cell membranes in the presence of ferrous sulfate and EDTA resulted in both a concentration- and time-dependent inhibition of the Na+/K+ pump ATPase, basal Ca2+ pump ATPase, and the calmodulin- (CaM) activated Ca2+ pump ATPase.
0(0,0,0,0) Details
15346651 Campo GM, Avenoso A, Campo S, D'Ascola A, Ferlazzo AM, Calatroni A: Reduction of DNA fragmentation and hydroxyl radical production by hyaluronic acid and chondroitin-4-sulphate in iron plus ascorbate-induced oxidative stress in fibroblast cultures. Free Radic Res. 2004 Jun;38(6):601-11.


Moreover, it enhanced lipid peroxidation evaluated by the analysis of conjugated dienes (CD) and decreased antioxidant defenses assayed by means of measurement of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
7494543 Shao Q, Matsubara T, Bhatt SK, Dhalla NS: Inhibition of cardiac sarcolemma Na (+)-K+ ATPase by oxyradical generating systems. Mol Cell Biochem. 1995 Jun 7-21;147(1-2):139-44.


Superoxide dismutase either alone or in combination with catalase and mannitol fully prevented changes in SH group content but the xanthine plus xanthine oxidase-induced depression in Na (+)-K+ ATPase activity as well as increase in MDA content were prevented partially.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
11105916 Baumber J, Ball BA, Gravance CG, Medina V, Davies-Morel MC: The effect of reactive oxygen species on equine sperm motility, viability, acrosomal integrity, mitochondrial membrane potential, and membrane lipid peroxidation. J Androl. 2000 Nov-Dec;21(6):895-902.

In order to promote lipid peroxidation, samples were incubated with ferrous sulfate (0.64 mM) and sodium ascorbate (20 mM) for 2 hours after the X-XO incubation.
Catalase (150 U/mL), superoxide dismutase (SOD, 150 U/mL), or glutathione (GSH, 1.5 mM) were evaluated for their ability to preserve sperm function in the presence of the induced oxidative stress.
1(0,0,0,1) Details