Protein Information

Name glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate dehydrogenase
Synonyms CDABP0047; G3PD; GAPD; GAPD protein; GAPDH; Glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate dehydrogenase; GAPD proteins; Glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate dehydrogenases

Compound Information

Name cyanamide
CAS cyanamide

Reference List

PubMed Abstract RScore(About this table)
12876071 Nakahara T, Hashimoto K, Hirano M, Koll M, Martin CR, Preedy VR: Acute and chronic effects of alcohol exposure on skeletal muscle c-myc, p53, and Bcl-2 mRNA expression. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2003 Dec;285(6):E1273-81. Epub 2003 Jul 22.

The results showed that 1) in male rats fed ethanol chronically, there were no increases in c-myc mRNA; 2) increases, however, occurred in c-myc mRNA in muscle from female rats fed ethanol chronically; 3) raising endogenous acetaldehyde with cyanamide increased c-myc mRNA in acute studies; 4) starvation per se increased c-myc mRNA levels and at 1 day potentiated the acute effects of ethanol, indicative of a sensitization response; 5) the only effect seen with p53 mRNA levels was a decrease in muscle of rats starved for 1 day compared with fed rats, and there was no statistically significant effect on Bcl-2 mRNA in any of the experimental conditions.
At the end of the studies, rats were killed, and c-myc, p53, and Bcl-2 mRNA was analyzed in skeletal muscle by RT-PCR with an endogenous internal standard, GAPDH.
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16784954 Nakahara T, Hunter R, Hirano M, Uchimura H, McArdle A, Broome CS, Koll M, Martin CR, Preedy VR: Alcohol alters skeletal muscle heat shock protein gene expression in rats: these effects are moderated by sex, raised endogenous acetaldehyde, and starvation. Metabolism. 2006 Jul;55(7):843-51.


To address this, (i) male and female rats were fed alcohol in the long-term (6-7 weeks as 35% of energy in a liquid diet) and compared to controls fed the same diet with isoenergetic glucose; (ii) male rats given an immediate bolus (75 mmol ethanol per kilogram body weight intraperitoneally) 2.5 hours before sacrifice and compared to controls given a dose of saline (with or without pretreatment with cyanamide-an acetaldehyde dehydrogenase inhibitor which raises endogenous acetaldehyde); (iii) male rats starved for 1 or 2 days then immediately dosed with alcohol.
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