Protein Information

Name xanthine oxidase
Synonyms XDH; XDHA; XO; XOD; XOR; Xanthene dehydrogenase; Xanthine dehydrogenase; Xanthine dehydrogenase/oxidase…

Compound Information

Name cyanamide
CAS cyanamide

Reference List

PubMed Abstract RScore(About this table)
11410725 Patel VB, Ajmal R, Sherwood RA, Sullivan A, Richardson PJ, Preedy VR: Cardioprotective effect of propranolol from alcohol-induced heart muscle damage as assessed by plasma cardiac troponin-t. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2001 Jun;25(6):882-9.

In addition, rats were pretreated with cyanamide (an inhibitor of acetaldehyde dehydrogenase), various beta-blockers, xanthine oxidase inhibitors, or lisinopril before acute alcohol dosing.
In addition, rats were pretreated with cyanamide (an inhibitor of acetaldehyde dehydrogenase), various beta-blockers, xanthine oxidase inhibitors, or lisinopril before acute alcohol dosing.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
20029546 Golwala NH, Hodenette C, Murthy SN, Nossaman BD, Kadowitz PJ: Vascular responses to nitrite are mediated by xanthine oxidoreductase and mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase in the rat. Can J Physiol Pharmacol. 2009 Dec;87(12):1095-101.

In the present study, the effects of the xanthine oxidoreductase inhibitor allopurinol and the mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase inhibitor cyanamide on decreases in mean systemic arterial pressure in response to i.v. sodium nitrite administration were investigated in the rat.
32(0,1,1,2) Details
2293579 Kato S, Kawase T, Alderman J, Inatomi N, Lieber CS: Role of xanthine oxidase in ethanol-induced lipid peroxidation in rats. Gastroenterology. 1990 Jan;98(1):203-10.

Pretreatment with cyanamide increased hepatic acetaldehyde levels 5-fold, yet this was associated with a decrease in lipid peroxidation, indicating that acetaldehyde is not the xanthine oxidase substrate involved.
6(0,0,0,6) Details
9860831 Jousserandot A, Boucher JL, Henry Y, Niklaus B, Clement B, Mansuy D: Microsomal cytochrome P450 dependent oxidation of N-hydroxyguanidines, amidoximes, and ketoximes: mechanism of the oxidative cleavage of their C=N (OH) bond with formation of nitrogen oxides. Biochemistry. 1998 Dec 8;37(49):17179-91.

Similarly, microsomal oxidations of N-hydroxyguanidines and amidoximes to the corresponding ureas and amides were also found to be mainly performed by O2*-, as shown by the great inhibitory effect of SOD (70-100%) and the ability of the xanthine-xanthine oxidase system to give similar oxidation products.
Oxidation of N-(4-chlorophenyl)-N'-hydroxy-guanidine led to the formation of the corresponding urea and cyanamide in addition to NO, NO2-, and NO3-.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
3178876 Kera Y, Ohbora Y, Komura S: The metabolism of acetaldehyde and not acetaldehyde itself is responsible for in vivo ethanol-induced lipid peroxidation in rats. Biochem Pharmacol. 1988 Oct 1;37(19):3633-8.


The cyanamide treatment (15 mg/kg) effectively decreased 83% of the low Km and 70% of the high Km ALDH in the liver.
0(0,0,0,0) Details
3978623 Sladek NE, Landkamer GJ: Restoration of sensitivity to oxazaphosphorines by inhibitors of aldehyde dehydrogenase activity in cultured oxazaphosphorine-resistant L1210 and cross-linking agent-resistant P388 cell lines. Cancer Res. 1985 Apr;45(4):1549-55.


The sensitivity of cultured L1210 and P388 cells sensitive (L1210/0, P388/0) and resistant (L1210/OAP, P388/CLA) to oxazaphosphorines, to 4-hydroperoxycyclophosphamide, ASTA Z-7557, phosphoramide mustard, and acrolein was determined in the absence and presence of known (disulfiram, diethyldithiocarbamate, cyanamide) or suspected [ethylphenyl (2-formylethyl) phosphinate] inhibitors of aldehyde dehydrogenase activity.
0(0,0,0,0) Details