Protein Information

Name hemoglobin (protein family or complex)
Synonyms Hemoglobin; Hemoglobins

Compound Information

Name chloralose
CAS

Reference List

PubMed Abstract RScore(About this table)
8014212 Hyder F, Behar KL, Martin MA, Blamire AM, Shulman RG: Dynamic magnetic resonance imaging of the rat brain during forepaw stimulation. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 1994 Jul;14(4):649-55.

A magnetic resonance (MR) imaging brain mapping method was used to localize an activated volume of brain tissue in chloralose-anesthetized rats during electrical stimulation of the forepaw.
Physiologically-induced changes are characterized by alterations of the magnetic properties of blood as determined by the oxygenation state of hemoglobin.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
17093073 Du C, Yu M, Volkow ND, Koretsky AP, Fowler JS, Benveniste H: Cocaine increases the intracellular calcium concentration in brain independently of its cerebrovascular effects. J Neurosci. 2006 Nov 8;26(45):11522-31.

Here, we use optical techniques to measure cerebral blood volume, hemoglobin oxygenation (S (t) O (2)), and intracellular calcium ([Ca (2+)](i)) to test the hypothesis that cocaine increases [Ca (2+)](i) in the brain.
We show that cocaine induced significant increases ( approximately 10-15%) in [Ca (2+)](i) that were independent of its hemodynamic effects and of the anesthetic used (isofluorance or alpha-chloralose).
1(0,0,0,1) Details
12763601 Lindauer U, Gethmann J, Kuhl M, Kohl-Bareis M, Dirnagl U: Neuronal activity-induced changes of local cerebral microvascular blood oxygenation in the rat: effect of systemic hyperoxia or hypoxia. Brain Res. 2003 Jun 13;975(1-2):135-40.

Hemoglobin oxygenation changes were measured by microfiber optical spectroscopy (500-590 nm) in response to physiological whisker barrel cortex activation by whole whisker pad deflection (4 s, 4 Hz) in alpha-chloralose/urethane anesthetised male Wistar rats.
33(0,1,1,3) Details
15973353 Herman P, Trubel HK, Hyder F: A multiparametric assessment of oxygen efflux from the brain. . J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 2006 Jan;26(1):79-91.

Because mechanisms of oxygen transport from blood to brain are dependent on cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen consumption (CMRO2), cerebral blood flow (CBF), and oxygen partial pressure (pO2) values in intravascular (Piv) and extravascular (Pev) compartments, we implemented multimodal measurements of these parameters into a compartmental model of oxygen transport and metabolism (i.e., hemoglobin-bound oxygen, oxygen dissolved in plasma and tissue spaces, oxygen metabolized in the mitochondria).
In the alpha-chloralose anesthetized rat brain, we used magnetic resonance (7.0 T) and fluorescence quenching methods to measure CMRO2 (2.5+/-1.0 micromol/g min), CBF (0.7+/-0.2 mL/g min), Piv (74+/-10 mm Hg), and Pev (16+/-5 mm Hg) to estimate the degree of oxygen efflux from the brain.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
10869473 Smith GW, Constable PD, Eppley RM, Tumbleson ME, Gumprecht LA, Haschek-Hock WM: Purified fumonisin B (1) decreases cardiovascular function but does not alter pulmonary capillary permeability in swine. Toxicol Sci. 2000 Jul;56(1):240-9.

On day 5, pigs were anesthetized with butorphanol-chloralose and instrumented for hemodynamic studies.
Fumonisin B (1)-treated pigs had marked decreases in the maximal rate of change of left ventricular pressure (dP/dt (max)), mean aortic pressure, cardiac output, and arterial pO (2), accompanied by increases in mean pulmonary artery pressure, oxygen extraction ratio, and blood hemoglobin concentration.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
16356631 Chen S, Li P, Luo W, Gong H, Zeng S, Luo Q: Time-varying spreading depression waves in rat cortex revealed by optical intrinsic signal imaging. Neurosci Lett. 2006 Mar 27;396(2):132-6. Epub 2005 Dec 13.

SD was elicited by 1 M KCl solution in the frontal cortex of 18 Sprague-Dawley rats under alpha-chloralose/urethane anesthesia.
We applied optical intrinsic signal imaging (OISI) at an isosbestic point of hemoglobin (550 nm) to examine regional cerebral blood volume (CBV) changes in the parieto-occipital cortex.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
19821842 Du C, Tully M, Volkow ND, Schiffer WK, Yu M, Luo Z, Koretsky AP, Benveniste H: Differential effects of anesthetics on cocaine's pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic effects in brain. Eur J Neurosci. 2009 Oct;30(8):1565-75. Epub 2009 Oct 12.

Here we assessed the effects of two commonly used anesthetics [alpha-chloralose (alpha-CHLOR) and isofluorane (ISO)] on the effects of acute cocaine (1 mg/kg i.v.) on cerebral blood flow (CBF), cerebral blood volume (CBV), and tissue hemoglobin oxygenation (S (t) O (2)) using optical techniques and cocaine's pharmacokinetics (PK) and binding in the rat brain using (PET) and [(11) C] cocaine.
31(0,1,1,1) Details
9118665 Paradis NA: Dose-response relationship between aortic infusions of polymerized bovine hemoglobin and return of circulation in a canine model of ventricular fibrillation and advanced cardiac life support. Crit Care Med. 1997 Mar;25(3):476-83.

INTERVENTIONS: After alpha-chloralose anesthesia, blood gases and vital signs were normalized.
7(0,0,0,7) Details
11897162 Tomita Y, Tomita M, Schiszler I, Amano T, Tanahashi N, Kobari M, Takeda H, Ohtomo M, Fukuuchi Y: Repetitive concentric wave-ring spread of oligemia/hyperemia in the sensorimotor cortex accompanying K (+)-induced spreading depression in rats and cats. Neurosci Lett. 2002 Apr 12;322(3):157-60.

We examined dynamic alterations of local cerebral blood volume (CBV) during SD by observing light transmission at an isosbestic point of hemoglobin (550 nm) in seven rats and five cats under alpha-chloralose/urethane anesthesia.
6(0,0,1,1) Details
10078876 Nemoto M, Nomura Y, Sato C, Tamura M, Houkin K, Koyanagi I, Abe H: Analysis of optical signals evoked by peripheral nerve stimulation in rat somatosensory cortex: dynamic changes in hemoglobin concentration and oxygenation. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 1999 Mar;19(3):246-59.

Functional activation was carried out by 2-second, 5-Hz electrical stimulation of the hind limb under chloralose anesthesia.
3(0,0,0,3) Details
11352605 Lindauer U, Royl G, Leithner C, Kuhl M, Gold L, Gethmann J, Kohl-Bareis M, Villringer A, Dirnagl U: No evidence for early decrease in blood oxygenation in rat whisker cortex in response to functional activation. Neuroimage. 2001 Jun;13(6 Pt 1):988-1001.

Using optical methods through a closed cranial window over the rat primary sensory cortex in chloralose/urethane-anesthetized rats we evaluated the time course of oxygen delivery and consumption in response to a physiological stimulus (whisker deflection).
We found that whisker deflection is accompanied by a significant increase of oxygenated hemoglobin (oxy-Hb), followed by an undershoot.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
10999460 Muir WW 3rd, de Morais HS, Constable PD: The effects of a hemoglobin-based oxygen carrier (HBOC-301) on left ventricular systolic function in anesthetized dogs. Vet Surg. 2000 Sep-Oct;29(5):449-55.

METHODS: The study was performed on intact, closed-chest, chloralose-anesthetized dogs.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
15002496 Yasumasa A, Inoue S, Tatebayashi K, Shiraishi Y, Kawai Y: Effects of head-down tilt on cerebral blood flow in humans ans rabbits. J Gravit Physiol. 2002 Jul;9(1):P89-90.

NIRS experiments demonstrated that brain oxygenation and hemoglobin concentration increased with postural change from upright to supine.
In rabbits anesthetized with alpha chloralose, on the other hand, 45 degrees HDT did not change CBF significantly in the parietal cortex during 1 h after the onset of HDT.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
8853086 Breen PH, Isserles SA, Tabac E, Roizen MF, Taitelman UZ: Protective effect of stroma-free methemoglobin during cyanide poisoning in dogs. Anesthesiology. 1996 Sep;85(3):558-64.

Peak SFmetHb reached 7.7 +/- 1.0% of total hemoglobin.
METHODS: In 10 dogs (weighing 18.8 +/- 3.5 kg) anesthetized with chloralose-urethane and mechanically ventilated with air, baseline hemodynamic and metabolic measurements were made.
1(0,0,0,1) Details