Protein Information

Name mitogen activated protein kinases (protein family or complex)
Synonyms MAPK; mitogen activated protein kinase; mitogen activated protein kinases

Compound Information

Name acrolein
CAS 2-propenal

Reference List

PubMed Abstract RScore(About this table)
17855188 Chung YM, Yoo YD, Kim JS, Lee CY, Kim HJ: The activity of 2'-benzoyloxycinnamaldehyde against drug-resistant cancer cell lines. J Chemother. 2007 Aug;19(4):428-37.


The activation of the p38-mitogen activated protein kinase, an increased level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and downregulation of Bcl-2 were observed in both the drug resistant and non-drug resistant cell lines.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
19661247 Deshmukh HS, McLachlan A, Atkinson JJ, Hardie WD, Korfhagen TR, Dietsch M, Liu Y, Di PY, Wesselkamper SC, Borchers MT, Leikauf GD: Matrix metalloproteinase-14 mediates a phenotypic shift in the airways to increase mucin production. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2009 Nov 1;180(9):834-45. Epub 2009 Aug 6.


Previously, we reported that acrolein levels found in COPD sputum could activate matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP9).
0(0,0,0,0) Details
17196791 Tanel A, Averill-Bates DA: P38 and ERK mitogen-activated protein kinases mediate acrolein-induced apoptosis in Chinese hamster ovary cells. Cell Signal. 2007 May;19(5):968-77. Epub 2006 Nov 25.
243(3,3,3,3) Details
19631294 Liu DS, Wang T, Han SX, Dong JJ, Liao ZL, He GM, Chen L, Chen YJ, Xu D, Hou Y, Li YP, Wen FQ: p38 MAPK and MMP-9 cooperatively regulate mucus overproduction in mice exposed to acrolein fog. Int Immunopharmacol. 2009 Sep;9(10):1228-35. Epub 2009 Jul 22.

METHODS: Mice were exposed to 4.0 ppm of acrolein for 21 days with daily intraperitoneal injection of SB203580, a specific inhibitor of p38 MAPK.
170(2,2,3,5) Details
12487375 Ranganna K, Yousefipour Z, Nasif R, Yatsu FM, Milton SG, Hayes BE: Acrolein activates mitogen-activated protein kinase signal transduction pathways in rat vascular smooth muscle cells. Mol Cell Biochem. 2002 Nov;240(1-2):83-98.
162(2,2,2,2) Details
18006877 Deshmukh HS, Shaver C, Case LM, Dietsch M, Wesselkamper SC, Hardie WD, Korfhagen TR, Corradi M, Nadel JA, Borchers MT, Leikauf GD: Acrolein-activated matrix metalloproteinase 9 contributes to persistent mucin production. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 2008 Apr;38(4):446-54. Epub 2007 Nov 15.

Together these findings indicate that acrolein can initiate cleavage of pro-hMMP9 and EGFR/MAPK signaling that leads to additional MMP9 formation.
112(1,2,2,2) Details
14561194 Rahman I: Oxidative stress and gene transcription in asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: antioxidant therapeutic targets. Curr Drug Targets Inflamm Allergy. 2002 Sep;1(3):291-315.

ROS, either directly or via the formation of lipid peroxidation products such as acrolein, 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal and F (2)-isoprostanes, may play a role in enhancing the inflammation through the activation of stress kinases (JNK, MAPK, p38, phosphoinositide 3 (PI-3)-kinase/PI-3K-activated serine-threonine kinase Akt) and redox sensitive transcription factors such as NF-kappaB and AP-1.
81(1,1,1,1) Details
20153347 Kim CE, Lee SJ, Seo KW, Park HM, Yun JW, Bae JU, Bae SS, Kim CD: Acrolein increases 5-lipoxygenase expression in murine macrophages through activation of ERK pathway. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2010 Feb 11.

In line with these results, acrolein exclusively increased the phosphorylation of ERK among these MAPK, suggesting a role for the ERK pathway in acrolein-induced 5-LO expression with subsequent production of LTB (4).
81(1,1,1,1) Details
11504702 Finkelstein EI, Nardini M, van der Vliet A: Inhibition of neutrophil apoptosis by acrolein: a mechanism of tobacco-related lung disease?. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol. 2001 Sep;281(3):L732-9.

Acrolein (1--50 microM) was found to induce marked activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), and inhibition of p38 MAPK activation by SB-203580 prevented acrolein-induced IL-8 release.
81(1,1,1,1) Details
18448814 Park YS, Taniguchi N: Acrolein induces inflammatory response underlying endothelial dysfunction: a risk factor for atherosclerosis. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2008 Apr;1126:185-9.

Our study demonstrates that acrolein, a known toxin in tobacco smoke, elevates oxidative stress via inactivation of thioredoxin reductase and stimulates expression of cyclooxygenase-2 through activation of the protein kinase C, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, and cAMP response element-binding protein pathway in endothelial cells.
31(0,1,1,1) Details
17363696 Park YS, Kim J, Misonou Y, Takamiya R, Takahashi M, Freeman MR, Taniguchi N: Acrolein induces cyclooxygenase-2 and prostaglandin production in human umbilical vein endothelial cells: roles of p38 MAP kinase. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2007 Jun;27(6):1319-25. Epub 2007 Mar 15.

CONCLUSION: These results provide that acrolein may play a role in progression of atherosclerosis and new information on the signaling pathways involved in COX-2 upregulation in response to acrolein and provide evidence that PKCdelta and p38 MAPK are required for transcriptional activation of COX-2.
31(0,1,1,1) Details
19286926 Moretto N, Facchinetti F, Southworth T, Civelli M, Singh D, Patacchini R: alpha,beta-Unsaturated aldehydes contained in cigarette smoke elicit IL-8 release in pulmonary cells through mitogen-activated protein kinases. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol. 2009 May;296(5):L839-48. Epub 2009 Mar 13.

We examined here the acute effect of aqueous cigarette smoke extract (CSE) and of two alpha,beta-unsaturated aldehydes (acrolein and crotonaldehyde) contained in CSE in cultured normal human lung fibroblasts and small airway epithelial cells.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
17486422 Kim DH, Kim CH, Kim MS, Kim JY, Jung KJ, Chung JH, An WG, Lee JW, Yu BP, Chung HY: Suppression of age-related inflammatory NF-kappaB activation by cinnamaldehyde. Biogerontology. 2007 Oct;8(5):545-54. Epub 2007 May 8.


In the present study, CNA was examined for its molecular modulation of inflammatory NF-kappaB activation via the redox-related NIK/IKK and MAPK pathways through the reduction of oxidative stress.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
15964311 Wu SJ, Ng LT, Lin CC: Cinnamaldehyde-induced apoptosis in human PLC/PRF/5 cells through activation of the proapoptotic Bcl-2 family proteins and MAPK pathway. Life Sci. 2005 Jul 8;77(8):938-51. Epub 2005 Mar 19.


In this study, we investigated the effect of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) inhibitors [namely SP600125 (a specific JNK inhibitor), SB203580 (a specific p38 inhibitor) and PD98059 (a specific ERK inhibitor)] on the stress-responsive MAPK pathway induced by Cin in PLC/PRF/5 cells.
1(0,0,0,1) Details