Protein Information

Name protein kinase C (protein family or complex)
Synonyms Protein kinase C; PKC

Compound Information

Name acrolein
CAS 2-propenal

Reference List

PubMed Abstract RScore(About this table)
10198352 Borchers MT, Carty MP, Leikauf GD: Regulation of human airway mucins by acrolein and inflammatory mediators. Am J Physiol. 1999 Apr;276(4 Pt 1):L549-55.

MUC5AC mRNA levels increased after >/=0.01 nM acrolein, 10 microM prostaglandin E2 or 15-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid, 1.0 nM tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), or 10 nM phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (a protein kinase C activator).
31(0,1,1,1) Details
18048804 Zhang H, Forman HJ: Acrolein induces heme oxygenase-1 through PKC-delta and PI3K in human bronchial epithelial cells. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 2008 Apr;38(4):483-90. Epub 2007 Nov 29.

Acrolein-mediated HO-1 induction was significantly attenuated by pan-protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitors RO318220, staurosporine, and PKC-delta selective inhibitor rottlerin and PKC-delta small interfering RNA.
31(0,1,1,1) Details
18448814 Park YS, Taniguchi N: Acrolein induces inflammatory response underlying endothelial dysfunction: a risk factor for atherosclerosis. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2008 Apr;1126:185-9.

Our study demonstrates that acrolein, a known toxin in tobacco smoke, elevates oxidative stress via inactivation of thioredoxin reductase and stimulates expression of cyclooxygenase-2 through activation of the protein kinase C, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, and cAMP response element-binding protein pathway in endothelial cells.
31(0,1,1,1) Details
8423767 Karolak L, Chandra A, Khan W, Marks B, Petros WP, Peters WP, Greenberg CS, Hannun YA: High-dose chemotherapy-induced platelet defect: inhibition of platelet signal transduction pathways. Mol Pharmacol. 1993 Jan;43(1):37-44.

Acrolein inhibited thrombin- and phorbol ester-induced phosphorylation of a 40-kDa polypeptide and other substrates, indicating a cellular defect in protein kinase C signaling.
31(0,1,1,1) Details
11689073 Shao L, Lewin NE, Lorenzo PS, Hu Z, Enyedy IJ, Garfield SH, Stone JC, Marner FJ, Blumberg PM, Wang S: Iridals are a novel class of ligands for phorbol ester receptors with modest selectivity for the RasGRP receptor subfamily. J Med Chem. 2001 Nov 8;44(23):3872-80.


Protein kinase C is now recognized to represent only one of five families of proteins with C1 domains capable of high-affinity binding of diacylglycerol and the phorbol esters.
1(0,0,0,1) Details