Protein Information

Name c fos
Synonyms Cellular oncogene fos; FBJ murine osteosarcoma viral (v fos) oncogene homolog; FOS; G0/G1 switch regulatory protein 7; G0S7; Oncogene FOS; Proto oncogene protein c fos; c Fos…

Compound Information

Name chloralose
CAS

Reference List

PubMed Abstract RScore(About this table)
9689465 Grill WM, Wang B, Hadziefendic S, Haxhiu MA: Identification of the spinal neural network involved in coordination of micturition in the male cat. Brain Res. 1998 Jun 15;796(1-2):150-60.

The immediate early gene c-fos that encodes the Fos protein can be induced rapidly and transiently in neurons by increased electrical activity.
Animals were anesthetized with alpha-chloralose, and received one of four stimulus protocols: electrical stimulation of the pelvic nerve, electrical stimulation of the pudendal nerve, a period of isometric micturition (induced by ligating the proximal urethra and infusing saline into the bladder), or electrical stimulation of Barrington's nucleus.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
9514827 Hoskin KL, Goadsby PJ: Comparison of more and less lipophilic serotonin (5HT1B/1D) agonists in a model of trigeminovascular nociception in cat. Exp Neurol. 1998 Mar;150(1):45-51.

Following an additional 1 h the animal was perfused and immunohistochemistry was used to detect the protein product of the immediate early gene c-Fos.
Cats were anesthetised with alpha-chloralose (60 mg/kg intraperitoneal then 20 mg/kg intravenous maintenance) with all surgery being conducted using halothane (1-3%).
1(0,0,0,1) Details
17587529 Lawrence J, Stroman PW, Malisza KL: Functional MRI of the cervical spinal cord during noxious and innocuous thermal stimulation in the alpha-chloralose- and halothane-anesthetized rat. Magn Reson Imaging. 2008 Jan;26(1):1-10. Epub 2007 Jun 22.

C-fos immunohistochemical staining confirmed the presence of neural activity in the spinal cords of all animals.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
8951941 Bereiter DA, Benetti AP: Excitatory amino release within spinal trigeminal nucleus after mustard oil injection into the temporomandibular joint region of the rat. Pain. 1996 Oct;67(2-3):451-9.

Together with previous reports of c-fos expression, these results suggest that neurons within the ventrolateral portion of the Vi/Vc transition may serve as a relay site for the integration of sensory or reflex responses to acute inflammation of the TMJ region.
To determine if excitatory amino acids have a role in TMJ-induced responses, extracellular concentrations were measured in microdialysate samples from probes positioned in the spinal trigeminal nucleus (Vsp) near the transition region between subnucleus interpolaris and subnucleus caudalis (Vi/Vc) in chloralose-anesthetized rats.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
12088752 Nosjean A, Callera JC, Bonagamba L, Machado B, Hamon M, Laguzzi R: Serotonin (3) receptor stimulation in the nucleus tractus solitarii activates non-catecholaminergic neurons in the rat ventrolateral medulla. Neuroscience. 2002;112(4):935-49.

For this purpose, double immunohistochemical labeling for tyrosine hydroxylase and c-fos protein was performed all along the ventrolateral medulla after microinjection of 1-(m-chlorophenyl)-biguanide, a selective and potent 5-HT (3) receptor agonist, into the nucleus tractus solitarii of alpha-chloralose/urethane-anaesthetized rats.
39(0,1,2,4) Details
16168409 Pilyavskii AI, Maznychenko AV, Maisky VA, Kostyukov AI, Hellstrom F, Windhorst U: Capsaicin-induced effects on c-fos expression and NADPH-diaphorase activity in the feline spinal cord. Eur J Pharmacol. 2005 Oct 3;521(1-3):70-8. Epub 2005 Sep 15.

The distribution of c-fos expression and NADPH-diaphorase reactivity in the cervical and lumbar segments after stimulation of the vanilloid receptors in the dorsal neck muscles with capsaicin was studied in cats anaesthetized with alpha-chloralose.
33(0,1,1,3) Details
15262261 Benjamin L, Levy MJ, Lasalandra MP, Knight YE, Akerman S, Classey JD, Goadsby PJ: Hypothalamic activation after stimulation of the superior sagittal sinus in the cat: a Fos study. Neurobiol Dis. 2004 Aug;16(3):500-5.

The distribution of neurons expressing the protein product (Fos) of the c-fos immediate early gene was examined in the hypothalamus of anaesthetised (alpha-chloralose) cats.
31(0,1,1,1) Details
14689487 Roda F, Pio J, Bianchi AL, Gestreau C: Effects of anesthetics on hypoglossal nerve discharge and c-Fos expression in brainstem hypoglossal premotor neurons. J Comp Neurol. 2004 Jan 19;468(4):571-86.

Patterns of c-Fos expression at different brainstem levels were compared in five groups of rats (i.e., awake or anesthetized with halothane, pentobarbital, chloralose-urethane, and ketamine-xylazine).
11(0,0,1,6) Details
12110114 Mitsikostas DD, Sanchez del Rio M, Waeber C: 5-Hydroxytryptamine (1B/1D) and 5-hydroxytryptamine1F receptors inhibit capsaicin-induced c-fos immunoreactivity within mouse trigeminal nucleus caudalis. Cephalalgia. 2002 Jun;22(5):384-94.

In order to investigate the c-fos response within the trigeminal nucleus caudalis (Sp5C) after noxious meningeal stimulation, capsaicin (0.25, 0.5, 1 and 5 nmol) was administered intracisternally in urethane (1 g/kg) and alpha-chloralose (20 mg/kg) anaesthetized male mice.
10(0,0,1,5) Details
11160045 Douglas RM, Trouth CO, James SD, Sexcius LM, Kc P, Dehkordi O, Valladares ER, McKenzie JC: Decreased CSF pH at ventral brain stem induces widespread c-Fos immunoreactivity in rat brain neurons. J Appl Physiol. 2001 Feb;90(2):475-85.

In this study, stimulation of rostral and caudal VMS respiratory chemosensitive sites in chloralose-urethane-anesthetized rats with acidic (pH 7.2) mock cerebrospinal fluid induced c-Fos protein immunoreactivity in widespread brain sites, such as VMS, ventral pontine surface, retrotrapezoid, medial and lateral parabrachial, lateral reticular nuclei, cranial nerves VII and X nuclei, A (1) and C (1) areas, area postrema, locus coeruleus, and paragigantocellular nuclei.
10(0,0,1,5) Details
10678770 Williams CA, Loyd SD, Hampton TA, Hoover DB: Expression of c-fos-like immunoreactivity in the feline brainstem in response to isometric muscle contraction and baroreceptor reflex changes in arterial pressure. Brain Res. 2000 Jan 10;852(2):424-35.

Adult cats were anesthetized with alpha-chloralose, and in each case, the experimental intervention caused an increase in the arterial blood pressure.
10(0,0,0,10) Details
15732761 Maznychenko AV: [Effect of muscle pain on c-fos expression and NADPH-diaphorase activity in the spinal cord]. Fiziol Zh. 2004;50(6):62-75.

Capsaicin (Sigma, 5 mg/l ml) was unilaterally injected into dorsal neck muscles (mm. trapezius, splenius) of the cat (n = 6) anesthetized with alpha-chloralose.
5(0,0,0,5) Details
16549369 Stark JA, Davies KE, Williams SR, Luckman SM: Functional magnetic resonance imaging and c-Fos mapping in rats following an anorectic dose of m-chlorophenylpiperazine. Neuroimage. 2006 Jul 1;31(3):1228-37. Epub 2006 Mar 20.

In a separate experiment, rats were imaged using a T (2)*-weighted gradient echo in a 7 T magnet for 70 min under alpha-chloralose anaesthesia.
3(0,0,0,3) Details
17204434 Lawrence J, Stroman PW, Malisza KL: Comparison of functional activity in the rat cervical spinal cord during alpha-chloralose and halothane anesthesia. Neuroimage. 2007 Feb 15;34(4):1665-72. Epub 2007 Jan 3.

Areas of c-fos expression were identified with immunofluorescent labeling to confirm the presence of neuronal activity.
3(0,0,0,3) Details
20236391 Dodd GT, Williams SR, Luckman SM: Functional magnetic resonance imaging and c-Fos mapping in rats following a glucoprivic dose of 2-deoxy-D-glucose. J Neurochem. 2010 Mar 17.

For phMRI, rats were imaged using a T2*-weighted gradient echo in a 7T magnet for 60 minutes under alpha-chloralose anaesthesia, while animals for immunohistochemistry were unanaesthetised and freely behaving.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
8287282 Kaube H, Keay KA, Hoskin KL, Bandler R, Goadsby PJ: Expression of c-Fos-like immunoreactivity in the caudal medulla and upper cervical spinal cord following stimulation of the superior sagittal sinus in the cat. Brain Res. 1993 Nov 26;629(1):95-102.

The animals were prepared for stimulation by exposure of the sinus and then maintained under alpha-chloralose anaesthesia for 24 h before SSS stimulation, perfusion and immunohistochemical processing for the detection of Fos protein.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
10445825 Hoskin KL, Zagami AS, Goadsby PJ: Stimulation of the middle meningeal artery leads to Fos expression in the trigeminocervical nucleus: a comparative study of monkey and cat. J Anat. 1999 May;194 ( Pt 4):579-88.

By electrically stimulating the middle meningeal artery in these species and using immunohistochemical detection of the proto-oncogene Fos as a marker of neuronal activation, we have mapped the sites of the central trigeminal neurons which may be involved in transmission of nociception from intracranial extracerebral arteries.
Ten cats and 3 monkeys were anaesthetised with alpha-chloralose and the middle meningeal artery was isolated following a temporal craniotomy.
1(0,0,0,1) Details