Protein Information

Name epoxide hydrolases
Synonyms EPHX; EPHX 1; EPHX1; EPHX1 protein; EPOX; Epoxide hydratase; Epoxide hydrolase; Epoxide hydrolase 1…

Compound Information

Name acrylonitrile
CAS 2-propenenitrile

Reference List

PubMed Abstract RScore(About this table)
14644629 Chanas B, Wang H, Ghanayem BI: Differential metabolism of acrylonitrile to cyanide is responsible for the greater sensitivity of male vs female mice: role of CYP2E1 and epoxide hydrolases. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2003 Dec 1;193(2):293-302.
32(0,1,1,2) Details
15893539 El Hadri L, Chanas B, Ghanayem BI: Comparative metabolism of methacrylonitrile and acrylonitrile to cyanide using cytochrome P4502E1 and microsomal epoxide hydrolase-null mice. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2005 Jun 1;205(2):116-25. Epub 2004 Nov 25.
32(0,1,1,2) Details
8472333 Kedderis GL, Batra R: Species differences in the hydrolysis of 2-cyanoethylene oxide, the epoxide metabolite of acrylonitrile. Carcinogenesis. 1993 Apr;14(4):685-9.

The presence of an active epoxide hydrolase hydrolysis activity toward CEO in humans should be considered in assessments of cancer risk from acrylonitrile exposure.
8(0,0,1,3) Details
7689039 Kim SG, Kedderis GL, Batra R, Novak RF: Induction of rat liver microsomal epoxide hydrolase by thiazole and pyrazine: hydrolysis of 2-cyanoethylene oxide. Carcinogenesis. 1993 Aug;14(8):1665-70.

Epoxide hydrolase activity toward the hydrolysis of 2-cyanoethylene oxide (CEO), the epoxide metabolite of the rat carcinogen acrylonitrile, was not significant in hepatic microsomes from untreated rats, but was substantially induced by treatment with thiazole or pyrazine.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
8035742 Soleo L: [The detoxification pathways of electrophilic intermediate compounds] . Med Lav. 1994 Jan-Feb;85(1):22-36.

The main route is the oxidative route, which uses the enzyme epoxide hydrolase.
For acrylonitrile the route of conjugation with reduced glutathione is the main detoxification route.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
12034325 Rossner P jr, Binkova B, Chvatalova I, Sram RJ: Acrylonitrile exposure: the effect on p53 and p21 (WAF1) protein levels in the blood plasma of occupationally exposed workers and in vitro in human diploid lung fibroblasts. Mutat Res. 2002 May 27;517(1-2):239-50.

Subjects with an EPHX high activity genotype had significantly higher p21 (WAF1) expression as compared with genotypes with low or medium EPHX activity.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
12124309 Wang H, Chanas B, Ghanayem BI: Cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) is essential for acrylonitrile metabolism to cyanide: comparative studies using CYP2E1-null and wild-type mice. Drug Metab Dispos. 2002 Aug;30(8):911-7.

It was hypothesized that CEO metabolism via epoxide hydrolase (EH) is the primary pathway for cyanide formation.
1(0,0,0,1) Details