Protein Information

Name C3a
Synonyms ASP; Acylation stimulating protein; C3; C3a; C3b; CPAMD 1; CPAMD1; Complement C3…

Compound Information

Name acrylonitrile
CAS 2-propenenitrile

Reference List

PubMed Abstract RScore(About this table)
2347666 Kandus A, Ponikvar R, Drinovec J, Kladnik S, Ivanovich P: Anaphylatoxins C3a and C5a adsorption on acrylonitrile membrane of hollow-fiber and plate dialyzer--an in vivo study. Int J Artif Organs. 1990 Mar;13(3):176-80.
27(0,0,4,7) Details
15125391 Germin Petrovic D: [Comparison of biocompatibility of hemophane, cellulose diacetate and acrilonitile membranes in hemodialysis]. Acta Med Croatica. 2004;58(1):31-6.

Acrylonitrile (AN69) is synthetic membrane of high biocompatibility standards, whereas haemophane (HP) and cellulosediacetate (CD) membranes are modified cellulose-based membranes.
The biocompatibly profiles of HP, CD and AN69, characterised by changes in L and P counts and activation of complement components (C3a and C5b-9), has been studied in order to assess the biocompatibility features of HP, CD and AN69 membranes.
7(0,0,0,7) Details
3264706 Jorstad S, Smeby LC, Balstad T, Wideroe TE: Generation and removal of anaphylatoxins during hemofiltration with five different membranes. Blood Purif. 1988;6(6):325-35.

The generation of anaphylatoxins (C3a and C5a) during hemofiltration with polysulfone (F60), acrylonitrile (AN69 HF), polyamid (FH77), polyacrylonitrile (PAN200) and cellulose-acetate (Duo-Flux) membranes were investigated.
7(0,0,1,2) Details
6609269 Chenoweth DE, Cheung AK, Henderson LW: Anaphylatoxin formation during hemodialysis: effects of different dialyzer membranes. Kidney Int. 1983 Dec;24(6):764-9.


Measurable complement activation resulting in the formation of both C3a and C5a anaphylatoxins was observed in 12 patients undergoing maintenance dialysis treatment with cuprophan hollow fiber dialyzers.
5(0,0,0,5) Details
12218339 Senatore M, Nicoletti A, Rizzuto G: Is the bioreactivity of vitamin-E-modified dialyzer an expression of increased plasmatic vitamin E concentration?. Nephron. 2002 Oct;92(2):487-9.

The present study was designed to test the biocompatibility of a new vitamin E-modified multilayer membrane compared with highly biocompatible polysulphone dialyzer and acrylonitrile dialyzer.
Vitamin E-coated dialyzer causes significant decreases in beta (2)-microglobulin, ferritin and immunoglobulin G, a normalization of complement C3 and an increase of plasmatic vitamin E compared to other filters.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
9306352 Mulvihill J, Crost T, Renaux JL, Cazenave JP: Evaluation of haemodialysis membrane biocompatibility by parallel assessment in an ex vivo model in healthy volunteers. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 1997 Sep;12(9):1968-73.

In the present series of tests, a new polyacrylonitrile membrane (PAN) was evaluated relative to standard commercial polysulphone (PS), acrylonitrile copolymer (AN 69) and cuprophan (CUP) membranes.
Time curves for the accumulation of activation markers (thrombin-antithrombin III complexes, prothrombin fragment 1 + 2, platelet beta-thromboglobulin, and complement fragment C3a) showed all four types of minimodule dialyser to induce comparable low levels of activation of coagulation parameters and platelets, together with similar mild activation of complement for AN 69, PAN, and PS dialysers as compared to stronger activation for CUP modules.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
12021524 Iatrou C, Afentakis N, Nomikos T, Dinas C, Stavropoulos-Giokas C, Antonopoulou S: Is platelet-activating factor produced during hemodialysis with AN-69 polyacrylonitrile membrane?. Nephron. 2002 May;91(1):86-93.


Since previous studies have indicated that PAF, like the complement system, could also be implicated in HD-related leukopenia and thrombocytopenia (especially when CU membrane is used), the circulating leukocyte and platelet counts as well as the C3a-desArg and SC5b-9 (soluble, nonlytic form of the terminal complement complex) levels were measured.
5(0,0,0,5) Details
10619682 Lamba NM, Courtney JM, Gaylor JD, Lowe GD: In vitro investigation of the blood response to medical grade PVC and the effect of heparin on the blood response. Biomaterials. 2000 Jan;21(1):89-96.

The materials studied were regenerated cellulose, (Cuprophan), an acrylonitrile-allyl sulphonate copolymer (AN69S), and medical grade polyvinyl chloride plasticised with di-2-ethyl-hexyl-phthalate (PVC/DEHP).
Blood-material or plasma-material contact was achieved using a parallel plate flow cell, and C3a generation and FXII-like activity measured.
3(0,0,0,3) Details
1633226 Mulvihill J, Cazenave JP, Mazzucotelli JP, Crost T, Collier C, Renaux JL, Pusineri C: Minimodule dialyser for quantitative ex vivo evaluation of membrane haemocompatibility in humans: comparison of acrylonitrile copolymer, cuprophan and polysulphone hollow fibres. Biomaterials. 1992;13(8):527-36.

Blood samples collected at the minimodule exit over 30 min are analysed for heparin (anti-Xa activity), activated partial thromboplastin time, fibrinopeptide A, platelet count and beta-thromboglobulin, complement fragment C3a, leucocyte count and polymorphonuclear neutrophil elastase.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
3879955 Thomaneck U, Falkenhagen D, Brown GS, Schutt W, Travers M, Klinkmann H: Cell electrophoretic investigations of peripheral blood lymphocytes during hemodialysis with different membranes. Life Support Syst. 1985;3 Suppl 1:53-7.


These results correlate with the increase of C3a plasma concentration and the decrease of total count of granulocytes.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
7914959 Schiffl H, Lang SM, Konig A, Strasser T, Haider MC, Held E: Biocompatible membranes in acute renal failure: prospective case-controlled study. Lancet. 1994 Aug 27;344(8922):570-2.


Cuprophane membranes induced intense activation of the complement system (as judged by measurement of C3a) and lipooxygenase pathway (leukotriene B4) resulting in alterations of neutrophil kinetics and function.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
2142140 Moll S, De Moerloose P, Reber G, Schifferli J, Leski M: Comparison of two hemodialysis membranes, polyacrylonitrile and cellulose acetate, on complement and coagulation systems. Int J Artif Organs. 1990 May;13(5):273-9.


We measured C3a (complement activation), platelets and beta-thromboglobulin (platelet activation), thrombin-antithrombin III complexes and fibrinopeptide A (coagulation activation), using C-Reactive Protein as a control for dilution effects.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
1419970 Yan F, Dejardin P, Mulvihill JN, Cazenave JP, Crost T, Thomas M, Pusineri C: Influence of a preadsorbed terpolymer on human platelet accumulation, fibrinogen adsorption, and ex vivo blood activation in hemodialysis hollow fibers. J Biomater Sci Polym Ed. 1992;3(5):389-402.


Preadsorption of a terpolymer of acrylonitrile, poly (ethyleneoxide) methacrylate and trimethylaminoethyl chloride methacrylate leads to very efficient passivation with respect to platelet accumulation and fibrinogen adsorption.
0(0,0,0,0) Details