Protein Information

Name cholinesterases
Synonyms Acylcholine acylhydrolase; BCHE; BCHE protein; Butyrylcholine esterase; Butyrylcholinesterase; CHE1; Choline esterase II; Cholinesterase…

Compound Information

Name lindane
CAS (1α,2α,3β,4α,5α,6β)-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexachlorocyclohexane

Reference List

PubMed Abstract RScore(About this table)
11758396 Yin D, Jin H, Yu H, Chen L: [A comparative study on the sensitivity and specificity of cholinesterase and glutathione s-transferase in Gammarus pulex L.]. Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao. 2001 Aug;12(4):615-8.

Studies on the influences of lindane, pirimiphos methyl, permethrin, zinc and dodecyl linear alkybenzene sulfonate (LAS) on the activity and toxicity of cholinesterase (ChE) and glutathione s-transferase (GST) in Gammarus pulex L. showed that only pirimiphos methyl caused a change in ChE activity in Gammarus, with a significant reduction in enzyme activity after 24 h and 48 h exposure.
32(0,1,1,2) Details
17423767 Frank R, Braun HE, Wilkie I, Ewing R: A review of insecticide poisonings among domestic livestock in southern Ontario, Canada, 1982-1989. Can Vet J. 1991 Apr;32(4):219-226.

Signs typical of cholinesterase inhibition caused by organophosphorus poisoning were observed in most cases.
A further three poisonings of livestock occurred following the ingestion of the foliar insecticide, endosulfan (two poisonings), and the seed protectant insecticides diazinon plus lindane (one poisoning).
2(0,0,0,2) Details
18941829 Sole M, Hambach B, Cortijo V, Huertas D, Fernandez P, Company JB: Muscular and hepatic pollution biomarkers in the fishes Phycis blennoides and Micromesistius poutassou and the crustacean Aristeus antennatus in the Blanes Submarine Canyon (NW Mediterranean). Arch Environ Contam Toxicol. 2009 Jul;57(1):123-32. Epub 2008 Oct 22.


Several pollution biomarkers in muscle (activity of cholinesterases) and liver/hepatopancreas (catalase, glutathione S-transferases, carboxylesterases, ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase in fish or mixed function oxygenase (MFO)-related reductases in crustacean, and lipid peroxidation levels) were measured.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
9311551 Al-Shatti AK, El-Desouky M, Zaki R, Abu Al-Azem M, Al-Lagani M: Health care for pesticide applicators in a locust eradication campaign in Kuwait (1988-1989). Environ Res. 1997;73(1-2):219-26.

The aim is to protect them from the adverse effects of pesticides and to prevent acute poisoning by removing from exposure those who have low cholinesterase (ChE) activity levels or low white blood cell counts.
The pesticides used to control locusts were five organophosphates and one organochlorine (lindane).
1(0,0,0,1) Details
8326087 Chaturvedi AK: Toxicological evaluation of mixtures of ten widely used pesticides. J Appl Toxicol. 1993 May-Jun;13(3):183-8.

Mice were given four mixtures of alachlor, aldrin, atrazine, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, DDT, dieldrin, endosulfan, lindane, parathion and toxaphene, at 0.01, 0.1, 1.0 and 10 ppm of each of these pesticides, in drinking water for 90 days ad libitum.
The serum cholinesterase activity was inhibited by ca. 50% in the 2.5 and 5 mg kg-1 groups on either one or both of Days 8 and 15; the liver/body weight ratio increased by 24-79% and the pentobarbital-induced sleep time decreased by 80-96%.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
1(0,0,0,1) Details
9528704 Ibrahim H, Kheir R, Helmi S, Lewis J, Crane M: Effects of organophosphorus, carbamate, pyrethroid and organochlorine pesticides, and a heavy metal on survival and cholinesterase activity of Chironomus riparius Meigen. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol. 1998 Mar;60(3):448-55.

1(0,0,0,1) Details
19663108 Idriss S, Levitt J: Malathion for head lice and scabies: treatment and safety considerations. J Drugs Dermatol. 2009 Aug;8(8):715-20.


In the present era of permethrin and lindane resistance to head lice, malathion is a first-line option.
0(0,0,0,0) Details