Protein Information

Name TIMP
Synonyms CLGI; Collagenase inhibitor; EPA; EPO; Erythroid potentiating activity; Fibroblast collagenase inhibitor; HCI; Metalloproteinase inhibitor 1…

Compound Information

Name carbon tetrachloride
CAS tetrachloromethane

Reference List

PubMed Abstract RScore(About this table)
18506890 Aram G, Potter JJ, Liu X, Torbenson MS, Mezey E: Lack of inducible nitric oxide synthase leads to increased hepatic apoptosis and decreased fibrosis in mice after chronic carbon tetrachloride administration. Hepatology. 2008 Jun;47(6):2051-8.

Also tissue inhibitor metalloproteinase 1 (TIMP-1) mRNA was increased to a much greater extent in the WT than in the iNOS (-/-) mice after CCl (4) (P < 0.05).
2(0,0,0,2) Details
19136384 Ferre N, Martinez-Clemente M, Lopez-Parra M, Gonzalez-Periz A, Horrillo R, Planaguma A, Camps J, Joven J, Tres A, Guardiola F, Bataller R, Arroyo V, Claria J: Increased susceptibility to exacerbated liver injury in hypercholesterolemic ApoE-deficient mice: potential involvement of oxysterols. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 2009 Mar;296(3):G553-62. Epub 2009 Jan 8.

In this study, apolipoprotein E-deficient (ApoE-/-) mice were evaluated to define potential effects of hypercholesterolemia on the severity of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver injury.
Under baseline conditions, hypercholesterolemic ApoE-/- mice showed increased hepatic oxidative stress (SOD activity/4-hydroxy-2-nonenal immunostaining) and higher hepatic TGF-beta1, MCP-1, and TIMP-1 expression than wild-type control mice.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
14735434 Lee SH, Nan JX, Zhao YZ, Woo SW, Park EJ, Kang TH, Seo GS, Kim YC, Sohn DH: The chalcone butein from Rhus verniciflua shows antifibrogenic activity. Planta Med. 2003 Nov;69(11):990-4.

The aim of this work was to investigate the effects of butein on liver fibrosis induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) in rats, and to explore its antifibrogenic mechanism.
The expression of alpha1 (I) collagen and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) mRNAs in liver was clearly reduced in a dose-dependent manner in rats given butein compared with control CCl4-treated rats.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
17631135 Nakamura T, Torimura T, Sakamoto M, Hashimoto O, Taniguchi E, Inoue K, Sakata R, Kumashiro R, Murohara T, Ueno T, Sata M: Significance and therapeutic potential of endothelial progenitor cell transplantation in a cirrhotic liver rat model. Gastroenterology. 2007 Jul;133(1):91-107.e1. Epub 2007 Apr 11.

METHODS: Recipient rats were injected intraperitoneally with carbon tetrachloride (CCl (4)) twice weekly for 6 weeks before initial administration of EPCs.
Real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis of multiple EPC-transplantation livers showed significantly increased messenger RNA levels of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, -9 and -13, whereas tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 expression was significantly reduced.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
19151545 Kim SH, Cheon HJ, Yun N, Oh ST, Shin E, Shim KS, Lee SM: Protective effect of a mixture of Aloe vera and Silybum marianum against carbon tetrachloride-induced acute hepatotoxicity and liver fibrosis. J Pharmacol Sci. 2009 Jan;109(1):119-27.

In antifibrotic experiments, tissue inhibitor of metalloprotease-1 (TIMP-1) mRNA expression was attenuated by treatment with ACTIValoe N-931 complex.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
19580633 Hartland SN, Murphy F, Aucott RL, Abergel A, Zhou X, Waung J, Patel N, Bradshaw C, Collins J, Mann D, Benyon RC, Iredale JP: Active matrix metalloproteinase-2 promotes apoptosis of hepatic stellate cells via the cleavage of cellular N-cadherin. Liver Int. 2009 Aug;29(7):966-78.


During spontaneous recovery from experimental liver fibrosis, the expression of TIMP-1 declines and hepatic collagenolytic activity increases.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
15479692 Duplantier JG, Dubuisson L, Senant N, Freyburger G, Laurendeau I, Herbert JM, Desmouliere A, Rosenbaum J: A role for thrombin in liver fibrosis. . Gut. 2004 Nov;53(11):1682-7.


The early effect of SSR182289 on ASMA and TIMP-1 expression suggests that it is beneficial in reducing fibrogenic cell activation.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
16539848 Chou WY, Lu CN, Lee TH, Wu CL, Hung KS, Concejero AM, Jawan B, Wang CH: Electroporative interleukin-10 gene transfer ameliorates carbon tetrachloride-induced murine liver fibrosis by MMP and TIMP modulation. Acta Pharmacol Sin. 2006 Apr;27(4):469-76.
33(0,1,1,3) Details
20178458 Rabani V, Shahsavani M, Gharavi M, Piryaei A, Azhdari Z, Baharvand H: Mesenchymal stem cell infusion therapy in carbon tetrachloride-induced liver fibrosis model affects matrix metalloproteinase expression. Cell Biol Int. 2010 Feb 23.

The expression of alphaSMA (smooth muscle actin) and TIMP1 was also downregulated in the CCl4/MSC group.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
20056141 Lou JL, Jiang MN, Li C, Zhou Q, He X, Lei HY, Li J, Jia YJ: Herb medicine Gan-fu-kang attenuates liver injury in a rat fibrotic model. J Ethnopharmacol. 2010 Mar 2;128(1):131-8. Epub 2010 Jan 6.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Liver fibrosis was established by 12 weeks of carbon tetrachloride (CCl (4)) treatment (0.5mg/kg, twice per week) followed by 8 weeks of "recovery" in rats.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: (1) CCl (4) treatment resulted in severe liver damage and fibrosis. (2) In the main block of the 20-week study, GFK attenuated liver damage and fibrosis. (3) In the 12-week study, GFK produced prevention effect against hepatic injury. (4) GFK suppressed the expression of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1), type I collagen, platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB)/PDGF receptor-beta chains (PDGFRbeta) and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs)/active protein-1 (AP-1) signal pathways.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
18637709 HLAVACKOVA L, JANEGA P, CERNA A, PECHANOVA O, ANDRIANTSITOHAINA R, BABAL P: Red wine polyphenols affect the collagen composition in the aorta after oxidative damage induced by chronic administration of CCl (4). Physiol Res. 2009;58(3):337-44. Epub 2008 Jul 18.


This effect of polyphenols is most likely the result of their influence on MMP-1 and TIMP activities through which they positively influence the collagen types I and III content ratio in the vascular wall in favor of the type III collagen.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
17334410 Hattori S, Dhar DK, Hara N, Tonomoto Y, Onoda T, Ono T, Yamanoi A, Tachibana M, Tsuchiya M, Nagasue N: FR-167653, a selective p38 MAPK inhibitor, exerts salutary effect on liver cirrhosis through downregulation of Runx2. Lab Invest. 2007 Jun;87(6):591-601. Epub 2007 Mar 5.

A similar reduction in expression of Smad4 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 was noticed in the FR-treated rats.
In this study, we evaluated the salutary effect of FR-167653 (FR), a selective p38 inhibitor, in a carbon tetrachloride (CCl (4))-induced rat cirrhotic model.
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14999682 Nakamura K, Nonaka H, Saito H, Tanaka M, Miyajima A: Hepatocyte proliferation and tissue remodeling is impaired after liver injury in oncostatin M receptor knockout mice. Hepatology. 2004 Mar;39(3):635-44.

Mice deficient in the OSM receptor (OSMR (-/-)) showed impaired liver regeneration with persistent parenchymal necrosis after carbon tetrachloride (CCl (4)) exposure.
In contrast to wildtype mice, CCl (4) administration only marginally induced expression of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-1 and TIMP-2 genes in OSMR (-/-) mice, correlating with the increased gelatinase activity of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 and matrix degradation in injured livers.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
15633128 Oakley F, Meso M, Iredale JP, Green K, Marek CJ, Zhou X, May MJ, Millward-Sadler H, Wright MC, Mann DA: Inhibition of inhibitor of kappaB kinases stimulates hepatic stellate cell apoptosis and accelerated recovery from rat liver fibrosis. Gastroenterology. 2005 Jan;128(1):108-20.

Fibrosis was established in rat livers by chronic injury with carbon tetrachloride followed by recovery with or without sulfasalazine (150 mg/kg) treatment.
A single in vivo administration of sulfasalazine promoted accelerated recovery from fibrosis as assessed by improved fibrosis score, selective clearance of smooth muscle alpha-actin-positive myofibroblasts, reduced hepatic procollagen I and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 messenger RNA expression, and increased matrix metalloproteinase 2 activity.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
17157831 Wills PJ, Asha VV: Protective mechanism of Lygodium flexuosum extract in treating and preventing carbon tetrachloride induced hepatic fibrosis in rats. Chem Biol Interact. 2007 Jan 5;165(1):76-85. Epub 2006 Nov 2.

The expression levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-1beta, transforming growth factor-beta1, procollagen-I, procollagen-III and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 were elevated during carbon tetrachloride administration and reduced the levels to normal by the treatment with the extract treatment.
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15389776 Parsons CJ, Bradford BU, Pan CQ, Cheung E, Schauer M, Knorr A, Krebs B, Kraft S, Zahn S, Brocks B, Feirt N, Mei B, Cho MS, Ramamoorthi R, Roldan G, Ng P, Lum P, Hirth-Dietrich C, Tomkinson A, Brenner DA: Antifibrotic effects of a tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 antibody on established liver fibrosis in rats. Hepatology. 2004 Nov;40(5):1106-15.

Rats were treated with carbon tetrachloride (CCl (4)), or olive oil control, for 6 weeks; 24 days into the treatment, the rats were administered a neutralizing anti-TIMP-1 antibody derived from a fully human combinatorial antibody library (HuCAL), PBS, or an isotype control antibody.
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19359521 Mitchell C, Couton D, Couty JP, Anson M, Crain AM, Bizet V, Renia L, Pol S, Mallet V, Gilgenkrantz H: Dual role of CCR2 in the constitution and the resolution of liver fibrosis in mice. Am J Pathol. 2009 May;174(5):1766-75. Epub 2009 Apr 9.


The persistence of hepatic injury in mutant animals was correlated with sustained tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 mRNA expression levels and a reduction in matrix metalloproteinase-2 and matrix metalloproteinase-13 expression levels.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
19192169 Li YL, Wu J, Wei D, Zhang DW, Feng H, Chen ZN, Bian H: Newcastle disease virus represses the activation of human hepatic stellate cells and reverses the development of hepatic fibrosis in mice. Liver Int. 2009 Apr;29(4):593-602. Epub 2009 Jan 28.

RESULTS: Tumour-CM and transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) could promote the proliferation and activation of LX-2 cells, indicated by the enhanced expression of alpha-SMA, collagen I, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-1 and TGF-beta1.
Activated HSCs facilitated the replication of NDV, thereby repressing the secretion of MMP, the expression of these indices for hepatic fibrosis and the expression of alpha-SMA and collagen fibrils in hepatic fibrosis of the mouse induced by carbon tetrachloride.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
20035854 Peng WH, Tien YC, Huang CY, Huang TH, Liao JC, Kuo CL, Lin YC: Fraxinus rhynchophylla ethanol extract attenuates carbon tetrachloride-induced liver fibrosis in rats via down-regulating the expressions of uPA, MMP-2, MMP-9 and TIMP-1. J Ethnopharmacol. 2010 Feb 17;127(3):606-13. Epub 2009 Dec 24.
9(0,0,1,4) Details
15793858 Zheng WD, Zhang LJ, Shi MN, Chen ZX, Chen YX, Huang YH, Wang XZ: Expression of matrix metalloproteinase-2 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 in hepatic stellate cells during rat hepatic fibrosis and its intervention by IL-10. World J Gastroenterol. 2005 Mar 28;11(12):1753-8.

9(0,0,0,9) Details
16718785 Nie QH, Zhang YF, Xie YM, Luo XD, Shao B, Li J, Zhou YX: Correlation between TIMP-1 expression and liver fibrosis in two rat liver fibrosis models. World J Gastroenterol. 2006 May 21;12(19):3044-9.

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17485851 Fang HL, Lai JJ, Lin WL, Lin WC: A fermented substance from Aspergillus phoenicis reduces liver fibrosis induced by carbon tetrachloride in rats. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem. 2007 May;71(5):1154-61. Epub 2007 May 7.

Real-time quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) analysis showed that FSAP treatment increased the expression of matrix metalloproteinase 13 and decreased the expression of methionine adenosyltransferase 2A, collagen (alpha1)(I), collagen (alpha1)(III), transforming growth factor-beta1, and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
14713368 Lee TY, Wang GJ, Chiu JH, Lin HC: Long-term administration of Salvia miltiorrhiza ameliorates carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatic fibrosis in rats. J Pharm Pharmacol. 2003 Nov;55(11):1561-8.

CCl4 also caused a prominent collagen deposition in liver histology that was further supported by the increased hepatic mRNA expression of transforming growth factor-beta1, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 and procollagen I.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
16762003 Roderfeld M, Geier A, Dietrich CG, Siewert E, Jansen B, Gartung C, Roeb E: Cytokine blockade inhibits hepatic tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 expression and up-regulates matrix metalloproteinase-9 in toxic liver injury. Liver Int. 2006 Jun;26(5):579-86.

Male Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) in the presence and absence of specific TNF-alpha and IL-1beta inhibitors.
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18251166 Zhang LJ, Zheng WD, Chen YX, Huang YH, Chen ZX, Zhang SJ, Shi MN, Wang XZ: Antifibrotic effects of interleukin-10 on experimental hepatic fibrosis. . Hepatogastroenterology. 2007 Oct-Nov;54(79):2092-8.

METHODOLOGY: Rat hepatic fibrosis model induced by carbon tetrachloride was established.
The expression of TGF-beta1, MMP-2 and TIMP-1 in the liver tissues was measured by S-P immunohistochemistry.
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19080687 Sun C, Li DG, Chen YW, Chen YW, Wang BC: [Effects of gene-transfected bone marrow-derived liver stem cell transplantation on accumulation of extracellular matrix in rats with liver fibrosis]. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi. 2008 Oct 21;88(38):2685-9.

Twenty-seven female rats were randomly divided into 3 equal groups to undergo subcutaneous injection of carbon tetrachloride to establish liver fibrosis models and then randomly divided into 3 equal groups: model group injected with normal saline via caudal vein, BDLSC group injected with 2 x 10 (6) BDLSCs via caudal vein, and BDLSC-uPA group injected with 2 x 10 (6) AduPA-transfected BDLSCs.
RT-PCR was used to examine the expression of collagen I and III (COLI and COLIII), matrix metalloproteinases-2, 3, and 9 (MMP-2, 3, and 9), and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 and 2 (TIMP-1 and 2).
1(0,0,0,1) Details
18395095 Strnad P, Tao GZ, Zhou Q, Harada M, Toivola DM, Brunt EM, Omary MB: Keratin mutation predisposes to mouse liver fibrosis and unmasks differential effects of the carbon tetrachloride and thioacetamide models. Gastroenterology. 2008 Apr;134(4):1169-79. Epub 2008 Jan 18.

In contrast, thioacetamide caused more severe liver injury and fibrosis in K18 R89C as compared with WT and nontransgenic mice and resulted in increased messenger RNA levels of collagen, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1, matrix metalloproteinase 2, and matrix metalloproteinase 13.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
17341687 Serriere-Lanneau V, Teixeira-Clerc F, Li L, Schippers M, de Wries W, Julien B, Tran-Van-Nhieu J, Manin S, Poelstra K, Chun J, Carpentier S, Levade T, Mallat A, Lotersztajn S: The sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor S1P2 triggers hepatic wound healing. FASEB J. 2007 Jul;21(9):2005-13. Epub 2007 Mar 6.

Here we investigated the function of these receptors in the wound healing response to acute liver injury elicited by carbon tetrachloride, a process that associates hepatocyte proliferation and matrix remodeling.
However, compared with WT mice, S1P2-/- mice displayed reduced accumulation of hMF, as shown by lower induction of smooth muscle alpha-actin mRNA and lower induction of TIMP-1, TGF-beta1, and PDGF-BB mRNAs, overall reflecting reduced activation of remodeling in response to liver injury.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
15860571 Fiorucci S, Rizzo G, Antonelli E, Renga B, Mencarelli A, Riccardi L, Orlandi S, Pruzanski M, Morelli A, Pellicciari R: A farnesoid x receptor-small heterodimer partner regulatory cascade modulates tissue metalloproteinase inhibitor-1 and matrix metalloprotease expression in hepatic stellate cells and promotes resolution of liver fibrosis. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2005 Aug;314(2):584-95. Epub 2005 Apr 28.

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16859129 Liu SJ, Shen SR, Wang XY, Tang WL, Wang F: [Effect of prostaglandin E1 on the expression of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 in experimental liver fibrosis rats]. Zhong Nan Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban. 2006 Jun;31(3):383-6.

METHODS: The liver fibrosis model was established by carbon tetrachloride.
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17048613 Liu XL, Zhnag H, Wang F: [Effect of Hovenia dulcis extract on expression of MMP-13 and TIMP-1 in hepatic tissue]. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi. 2006 Jul;31(13):1097-100.

5(0,0,0,5) Details
16124044 Yang Q, Xie RJ, Geng XX, Luo XH, Han B, Cheng ML: Effect of Danshao Huaxian capsule on expression of matrix metalloproteinase-1 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 in fibrotic liver of rats. World J Gastroenterol. 2005 Aug 28;11(32):4953-6.

5(0,0,0,5) Details
18263696 Peng Z, Fernandez P, Wilder T, Yee H, Chiriboga L, Chan ES, Cronstein BN: Ecto-5'-nucleotidase (CD73) -mediated extracellular adenosine production plays a critical role in hepatic fibrosis. FASEB J. 2008 Jul;22(7):2263-72. Epub 2008 Feb 8.


After CCl (4) treatment, the mRNA level of A (1), A (2A), A (2B), and A (3) adenosine receptors, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin (IL) -1beta, IL-13r alpha1, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, MMP-14, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP) -1, and TIMP-2, and IL-13 level increased markedly in both CD73KO and WT mice, but Col1 alpha1, Col3 alpha1, and transforming growth factor-beta1 mRNA increased much more in WT mice than that in KO mice.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
16652398 Li G, Xie Q, Shi Y, Li D, Zhang M, Jiang S, Zhou H, Lu H, Jin Y: Inhibition of connective tissue growth factor by siRNA prevents liver fibrosis in rats. J Gene Med. 2006 Jul;8(7):889-900.

METHODS: Some rats received carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) by subcutaneous injections every three days for six consecutive weeks, and meantime they also obtained either siRNA (0.1 mg/kg) targeting CTGF, saline or a control siRNA by intraportal vein injection to rats' liver at the same pattern.
Six weeks after CCl4 injection, prominent upregulations were observed in the gene expressions of CTGF, type I, III collagen, laminin, tissue inhibitor metal proteinase-1 (TIMP-1) and transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) in saline or control siRNA-treated rats livers.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
17922224 Wu LM, Wu XX, Sun Y, Kong XW, Zhang YH, Xu Q: A novel synthetic oleanolic acid derivative (CPU-II2) attenuates liver fibrosis in mice through regulating the function of hepatic stellate cells. J Biomed Sci. 2008 Mar;15(2):251-9. Epub 2007 Oct 6.


CPU-II2 also attenuated the mRNA expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase type 1 (TIMP-1) induced by CCl4 in mice and reduced both mRNA and protein levels of alpha-SMA in HSC-T6 cells.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
19072832 Aram G, Potter JJ, Liu X, Wang L, Torbenson MS, Mezey E: Deficiency of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, reduced form oxidase enhances hepatocellular injury but attenuates fibrosis after chronic carbon tetrachloride administration. Hepatology. 2009 Mar;49(3):911-9.

Matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and MMP-9 mRNA increased more in the gp91 (phox (-/-) ) than in WT mice after CCl (4.) Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 (TIMP-1) and TIMP-2 increased after CCl (4) only in the gp91 (phox (-/-) ) mice.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
17133482 Smart DE, Green K, Oakley F, Weitzman JB, Yaniv M, Reynolds G, Mann J, Millward-Sadler H, Mann DA: JunD is a profibrogenic transcription factor regulated by Jun N-terminal kinase-independent phosphorylation. Hepatology. 2006 Dec;44(6):1432-40.

JunD is implicated in the regulation of hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation and liver fibrosis via its transcriptional regulation of the tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1 (TIMP-1) gene.
The junD-/- mice were protected from carbon tetrachloride-induced fibrosis.
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15633229 Shi GF, Li Q: Effects of oxymatrine on experimental hepatic fibrosis and its mechanism in vivo. World J Gastroenterol. 2005 Jan 14;11(2):268-71.

AIM: Hepatic fibrogenesis has close relation with hepatic stellate cells (HSC) and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase (TIMP).
METHODS: Thirty-two rats were randomly divided into four groups; 16 were used to develop hepatic fibrosis by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) and treated with or without OM, and 16 were used as controls.
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18634036 Perugorria MJ, Latasa MU, Nicou A, Cartagena-Lirola H, Castillo J, Goni S, Vespasiani-Gentilucci U, Zagami MG, Lotersztajn S, Prieto J, Berasain C, Avila MA: The epidermal growth factor receptor ligand amphiregulin participates in the development of mouse liver fibrosis. Hepatology. 2008 Oct;48(4):1251-61.


AR-/- mice also showed reduced expression of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1 and connective tissue growth factor, two genes that responded to AR treatment in cultured fibrogenic cells.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
20198635 Sobrevals L, Rodriguez C, Romero-Trevejo JL, Gondi G, Monreal I, Paneda A, Juanarena N, Arcelus S, Razquin N, Guembe L, Gonzalez-Aseguinolaza G, Prieto J, Fortes P: Insulin-like growth factor I gene transfer to cirrhotic liver induces fibrolysis and reduces fibrogenesis leading to cirrhosis reversion in rats. Hepatology. 2010 Mar;51(3):912-21.

Also in this model, SVIGF-I improved liver function and reduced liver fibrosis in association with up-regulation of HGF and MMPs and down-regulation of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 (TIMP-1).
Rats with liver cirrhosis induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl (4)) given orally for 8 weeks were injected through the hepatic artery with saline or with Simian virus 40 vectors encoding IGF-I (SVIGF-I), or luciferase (SVLuc).
1(0,0,0,1) Details
17060319 Zhou X, Jamil A, Nash A, Chan J, Trim N, Iredale JP, Benyon RC: Impaired proteolysis of collagen I inhibits proliferation of hepatic stellate cells: implications for regulation of liver fibrosis. J Biol Chem. 2006 Dec 29;281(52):39757-65. Epub 2006 Oct 23.


Of the stellate cell activation markers examined (tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1, alpha-smooth muscle actin, matrix metalloproteinases-2 and -9, and procollagen I) only the last was decreased by culture on r/r collagen relative to normal collagen I.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
17708605 Qiu JF, Zhang ZQ, Chen W, Wu ZY: Cystamine ameliorates liver fibrosis induced by carbon tetrachloride via inhibition of tissue transglutaminase. World J Gastroenterol. 2007 Aug 28;13(32):4328-32.

Real-time PCR was used to detect the expression of tTG, smooth muscle alpha actin (alpha-SMA), tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 (TIMP-1) and collagen-1 mRNA.
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17094476 Jeong WI, Do SH, Jeong DH, Hong IH, Park JK, Ran KM, Yang HJ, Yuan DW, Kim SB, Cha MS, Jeong KS: Kinetics of MMP-1 and MMP-3 produced by mast cells and macrophages in liver fibrogenesis of rat. Anticancer Res. 2006 Sep-Oct;26(5A):3517-26.

BACKGROUND: The involvement of whether macrophages and mast cells in the kinetics of matrix metalloproteinases-1 (MMP-1), MMP-3 and MMP-9, tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases-1 (TIMP-1) and TIMP-2 in hepatic fibrosis/cirrhosis was examined.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: The MMPs and TIMPs were examined by histopathology, immunohistochemistry and immunoblotting using carbon tetrachloride-induced fibrotic rat liver.
3(0,0,0,3) Details
16420518 Hui AY, Leung WK, Chan HL, Chan FK, Go MY, Chan KK, Tang BD, Chu ES, Sung JJ: Effect of celecoxib on experimental liver fibrosis in rat. Liver Int. 2006 Feb;26(1):125-36.


RESULTS: Liver fibrosis was significantly worse in rats that received both carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) and celecoxib, compared with rats that received CCl4 and gavage of water (P = 0.037).
0(0,0,0,0) Details
16552806 Huang YH, Shi MN, Zheng WD, Zhang LJ, Chen ZX, Wang XZ: Therapeutic effect of interleukin-10 on CCl4-induced hepatic fibrosis in rats. World J Gastroenterol. 2006 Mar 7;12(9):1386-91.


The expression of TNF-alpha, MMP-2 and TIMP-1 in liver tissue was measured by S-P immunohistochemistry.
3(0,0,0,3) Details
15052689 Luo YJ, Yu JP, Shi ZH, Wang L: Ginkgo biloba extract reverses CCl4-induced liver fibrosis in rats. World J Gastroenterol. 2004 Apr 1;10(7):1037-42.


The four groups were compared in terms of serum enzymes, tissue damage, expression of alphaSMA and tissue inhibitor-1 of metalloproteinase (TIMP-1) and metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1).
3(0,0,0,3) Details
16507762 Roderfeld M, Weiskirchen R, Wagner S, Berres ML, Henkel C, Grotzinger J, Gressner AM, Matern S, Roeb E: Inhibition of hepatic fibrogenesis by matrix metalloproteinase-9 mutants in mice. FASEB J. 2006 Mar;20(3):444-54.


Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1 (TIMP-1) plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of hepatic fibrosis and thus may represent an important therapeutic target in the design of anti-fibrotic strategies for chronic liver disease.
3(0,0,0,3) Details
18996463 Mu Y, Liu P, Du G, Du J, Wang G, Long A, Wang L, Li F: Action mechanism of Yi Guan Jian Decoction on CCl4 induced cirrhosis in rats. J Ethnopharmacol. 2009 Jan 12;121(1):35-42. Epub 2008 Oct 18.


At 12th weekend, the rats were sacrificed for sampling and detection of liver function, histological changes of liver tissue, liver tissue hydroxyproline content and expression of alpha-SMA, CD68, MMP-13, TIMP-1, TIMP-2, Caspase-12, HGFalpha, MMP-2, MMP-9 and hepatocyte apoptotic index.
3(0,0,0,3) Details
17030452 Lv P, Luo HS, Zhou XP, Chireyath Paul S, Xiao YJ, Si XM, Liu SQ: Thalidomide prevents rat liver cirrhosis via inhibition of oxidative stress. Pathol Res Pract. 2006;202(11):777-88. Epub 2006 Oct 6.

The cirrhosis of rat was induced by intraperitoneal injection of carbon tetrachloride thrice weekly; meanwhile, thalidomide (10mg/kg or 100mg/kg) was given daily by intragastric administration for 8 weeks.
Immunohistochemistry revealed alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA), desmin, and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) protein in the liver.
3(0,0,0,3) Details
15188175 Issa R, Zhou X, Constandinou CM, Fallowfield J, Millward-Sadler H, Gaca MD, Sands E, Suliman I, Trim N, Knorr A, Arthur MJ, Benyon RC, Iredale JP: Spontaneous recovery from micronodular cirrhosis: evidence for incomplete resolution associated with matrix cross-linking. Gastroenterology. 2004 Jun;126(7):1795-808.


Livers were analyzed for evidence of matrix degradation, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP) expression, stellate cell apoptosis, tissue transglutaminase (tTg) expression, and matrix cross-linking during spontaneous recovery of up to 366 days.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
16508911 Lee TH, Jawan B, Chou WY, Lu CN, Wu CL, Kuo HM, Concejero AM, Wang CH: Alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone gene therapy reverses carbon tetrachloride induced liver fibrosis in mice. J Gene Med. 2006 Jun;8(6):764-72.

Further, alpha-MSH significantly increased matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity with tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinase (TIMP) inactivation.
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16332368 Garciade Leon Mdel C, Montfort I, Tello Montes E, Lopez Vancell R, Olivos Garcia A, Gonzalez Canto A, Nequiz-Avendano M, Perez-Tamayo R: Hepatocyte production of modulators of extracellular liver matrix in normal and cirrhotic rat liver. Exp Mol Pathol. 2006 Feb;80(1):97-108. Epub 2005 Dec 5.


In addition, we clearly detected the messenger ribonucleic acids (mRNA) of four matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-2, MMP-3, MMP-10, and MMP-13) and of two tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases (TIMP-1 and TIMP-2) in hepatocytes from both normal and cirrhotic rats by RT-PCR and by in situ hybridization.
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17944888 Hsiao Y, Zou T, Ling CC, Hu H, Tao XM, Song HY: Disruption of tissue-type plasminogen activator gene in mice aggravated liver fibrosis. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2008 Jul;23(7 Pt 2):e258-64. Epub 2007 Oct 17.

The aim of this study is to investigate the role of tPA in carbon tetrachloride (CCl (4))-induced liver fibrosis.
On the other hand, the decrease of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) activities, metalloproteinase-13 (MMP-13) expression and a marked increase of tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) expression were found in the liver of CCl (4) administrated tPA (-/-) mice compared with wild-type counterparts.
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18761555 Hu PF, Zhu YW, Zhong W, Chen YX, Lin Y, Zhang X, Yin C, Yue HY, Xie WF: Inhibition of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 expression by siRNA in rat hepatic stellate cells. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2008 Dec;23(12):1917-25. Epub 2008 Aug 28.


Expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin, transforming growth factor-beta, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1, and collagen types I and III were evaluated by real-time PCR.
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19501992 Cheung KF, Ye DW, Yang ZF, Lu L, Liu CH, Wang XL, Poon RT, Tong Y, Liu P, Chen YC, Lau GK: Therapeutic efficacy of Traditional Chinese Medicine 319 recipe on hepatic fibrosis induced by carbon tetrachloride in rats. J Ethnopharmacol. 2009 Jul 6;124(1):142-50. Epub 2009 Mar 20.

TCM 319 recipe suppressed the mRNA expression of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 (TIMP-1).
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15849816 Yao XX, Jiang SL, Tang YW, Yao DM, Yao X: Efficacy of Chinese medicine Yi-gan-kang granule in prophylaxis and treatment of liver fibrosis in rats. World J Gastroenterol. 2005 May 7;11(17):2583-90.


At wk 6, 10, 14 and 20 (baseline for CCl4 or big serum induction), five rats in each group were anesthetized and their livers were removed for pathological studies including immunohistochemical studies for alpha-SMA, type I collagen and in situ hybridization of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) mRNA of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs).
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15996030 Chen M, Wang GJ, Diao Y, Xu RA, Xie HT, Li XY, Sun JG: Adeno-associated virus mediated interferon-gamma inhibits the progression of hepatic fibrosis in vitro and in vivo. World J Gastroenterol. 2005 Jul 14;11(26):4045-51.

METHODS: We constructed the recombinant AAV encoding human INF-gamma (rAAV- INF-gamma) and took the primary rat hepatic stellate cells and carbon tetrachloride induced rats as the experimental hepatic fibrosis model in vitro and in vivo.
The mRNA expression of TGF-beta, TIMP-1, and MMP-13 were analyzed by RT-PCR method.
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19114984 Liu Y, Lui EL, Friedman SL, Li L, Ye T, Chen Y, Poon RT, Wo J, Kok TW, Fan ST: PTK787/ZK22258 attenuates stellate cell activation and hepatic fibrosis in vivo by inhibiting VEGF signaling. Lab Invest. 2009 Feb;89(2):209-21. Epub 2008 Dec 29.

In primary HSCs, PTK/ZK inhibited the expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA), collagen, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1), as well as cell proliferation, migration and actin filament formation.
In a murine fibrotic liver, PTK/ZK attenuated collagen deposition and alpha-SMA expression in carbon tetrachloride-induced fibrosis in both a 'prevention' and 'treatment' dosing scheme.
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20038332 Wu XR, Wang Q, Wang L, Shi SS, Guo WD: [The effect of urokinase on hepatic fibrogenesis in rats] . Zhonghua Gan Zang Bing Za Zhi. 2009 Dec;17(12):910-4.

METHODS: Hepatic fibrosis was induced in rats by complex pathogenic factors including subcutaneous injections of carbon tetrachloride, alcohol and cholesterol feeding.
The expression of alpha-SMA, uPA, PAI-1, TGFb1, TIMP-1, collagen type I and type III proteins in hepatic fibrosis tissue was detected by immunohistochemistry, the expression of PAI-1 and TGFb1 mRNA in the hepatic fibrosis tissue was quantified by real time RT-PCR.
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16688827 Lin WC, Kuo SC, Lin WL, Fang HL, Wang BC: Filtrate of fermented mycelia from Antrodia camphorata reduces liver fibrosis induced by carbon tetrachloride in rats. World J Gastroenterol. 2006 Apr 21;12(15):2369-74.

Expression of collagen I, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMP)-1 and transforming growth factor beta1 (TGF-beta1) mRNA were detected by RT-PCR.
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