Protein Information

Name matrix metalloproteinase 2
Synonyms 72 kDa gelatinase; 72 kDa type IV collagenase; 72 kDa type IV collagenase precursor; CLG 4; CLG4; CLG4A; Collagenase type 4A; Gelatinase A…

Compound Information

Name carbon tetrachloride
CAS tetrachloromethane

Reference List

PubMed Abstract RScore(About this table)
19220677 Luo L, Zhou A: Antifibrotic activity of anisodamine in vivo is associated with changed intrahepatic levels of matrix metalloproteinase-2 and its inhibitor tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases-2 and transforming growth factor beta1 in rats with carbon tetrachloride-induced liver injury. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2009 Jun;24(6):1070-6. Epub 2009 Feb 12.
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15650781 Zhao ZH, Xin SJ, Zhao JM, Wang SS, Liu P, Yin TY, Zhou GD: [Dynamic expression of matrix metalloproteinase-2, membrane type-matrix metalloproteinase-2 in experimental hepatic fibrosis and its reversal in rat]. Zhonghua Shi Yan He Lin Chuang Bing Du Xue Za Zhi. 2004 Dec;18(4):328-31.

METHODS: An experimental CCl4 induced hepatic fibrosis rat model was established by intraperitoneal administration of carbon tetrachloride for 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 weeks, and normal rats were used as a control group.
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15860571 Fiorucci S, Rizzo G, Antonelli E, Renga B, Mencarelli A, Riccardi L, Orlandi S, Pruzanski M, Morelli A, Pellicciari R: A farnesoid x receptor-small heterodimer partner regulatory cascade modulates tissue metalloproteinase inhibitor-1 and matrix metalloprotease expression in hepatic stellate cells and promotes resolution of liver fibrosis. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2005 Aug;314(2):584-95. Epub 2005 Apr 28.


In the present study, we investigated whether 6-ethyl chenodeoxycholic acid (6-ECDCA or INT-747), a semisynthetic derivative of chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA), modulates tissue metalloproteinase inhibitor (TIMP)-1 and matrix metalloprotease (MMP)-2 expression/activity in HSCs and in the liver of rats rendered cirrhotic by 4-week administration of CCl (4).
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16332368 Garciade Leon Mdel C, Montfort I, Tello Montes E, Lopez Vancell R, Olivos Garcia A, Gonzalez Canto A, Nequiz-Avendano M, Perez-Tamayo R: Hepatocyte production of modulators of extracellular liver matrix in normal and cirrhotic rat liver. Exp Mol Pathol. 2006 Feb;80(1):97-108. Epub 2005 Dec 5.


In addition, we clearly detected the messenger ribonucleic acids (mRNA) of four matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-2, MMP-3, MMP-10, and MMP-13) and of two tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases (TIMP-1 and TIMP-2) in hepatocytes from both normal and cirrhotic rats by RT-PCR and by in situ hybridization.
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17631135 Nakamura T, Torimura T, Sakamoto M, Hashimoto O, Taniguchi E, Inoue K, Sakata R, Kumashiro R, Murohara T, Ueno T, Sata M: Significance and therapeutic potential of endothelial progenitor cell transplantation in a cirrhotic liver rat model. Gastroenterology. 2007 Jul;133(1):91-107.e1. Epub 2007 Apr 11.

METHODS: Recipient rats were injected intraperitoneally with carbon tetrachloride (CCl (4)) twice weekly for 6 weeks before initial administration of EPCs.
Real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis of multiple EPC-transplantation livers showed significantly increased messenger RNA levels of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, -9 and -13, whereas tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 expression was significantly reduced.
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16420518 Hui AY, Leung WK, Chan HL, Chan FK, Go MY, Chan KK, Tang BD, Chu ES, Sung JJ: Effect of celecoxib on experimental liver fibrosis in rat. Liver Int. 2006 Feb;26(1):125-36.

There was also more HSC activation, and upregulation of collagen alpha1 (I), heat-shock protein 47, alphaB crystallin, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, MMP-9 and tissue inhibitor of MMP (TIMP)-2.
RESULTS: Liver fibrosis was significantly worse in rats that received both carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) and celecoxib, compared with rats that received CCl4 and gavage of water (P = 0.037).
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16676162 Young SC, Wang CJ, Lin JJ, Peng PL, Hsu JL, Chou FP: Protection effect of piper betel leaf extract against carbon tetrachloride-induced liver fibrosis in rats. Arch Toxicol. 2007 Jan;81(1):45-55. Epub 2006 May 5.

The histological examination showed the PBL extract protected liver from the damage induced by CCl (4) by decreasing alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-sma) expression, inducing active matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP2) expression though Ras/Erk pathway, and inhibiting TIMP2 level that consequently attenuated the fibrosis of liver.
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17962354 Rullier A, Gillibert-Duplantier J, Costet P, Cubel G, Haurie V, Petibois C, Taras D, Dugot-Senant N, Deleris G, Bioulac-Sage P, Rosenbaum J: Protease-activated receptor 1 knockout reduces experimentally induced liver fibrosis. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 2008 Jan;294(1):G226-35. Epub 2007 Oct 25.

These findings were corroborated by measurements of type I collagen, matrix metalloproteinase-2, and PDGF-beta receptor mRNA levels.
Acute carbon tetrachloride (CCl (4)) toxicity was similar in wild-type (WT), PAR-1 (-/-), and PAR-1 (+/-) mice as judged by aminotransferase levels, area of liver necrosis, and liver peroxidation measured by Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy.
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19580633 Hartland SN, Murphy F, Aucott RL, Abergel A, Zhou X, Waung J, Patel N, Bradshaw C, Collins J, Mann D, Benyon RC, Iredale JP: Active matrix metalloproteinase-2 promotes apoptosis of hepatic stellate cells via the cleavage of cellular N-cadherin. Liver Int. 2009 Aug;29(7):966-78.

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15057751 Siller-Lopez F, Sandoval A, Salgado S, Salazar A, Bueno M, Garcia J, Vera J, Galvez J, Hernandez I, Ramos M, Aguilar-Cordova E, Armendariz-Borunda J: Treatment with human metalloproteinase-8 gene delivery ameliorates experimental rat liver cirrhosis. Gastroenterology. 2004 Apr;126(4):1122-33; discussion 949.


The expression of matrix metalloprotease-2 and matrix metalloprotease-3 was up-regulated in AdMMP8 rats.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
18395095 Strnad P, Tao GZ, Zhou Q, Harada M, Toivola DM, Brunt EM, Omary MB: Keratin mutation predisposes to mouse liver fibrosis and unmasks differential effects of the carbon tetrachloride and thioacetamide models. Gastroenterology. 2008 Apr;134(4):1169-79. Epub 2008 Jan 18.

In contrast, thioacetamide caused more severe liver injury and fibrosis in K18 R89C as compared with WT and nontransgenic mice and resulted in increased messenger RNA levels of collagen, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1, matrix metalloproteinase 2, and matrix metalloproteinase 13.
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15793858 Zheng WD, Zhang LJ, Shi MN, Chen ZX, Chen YX, Huang YH, Wang XZ: Expression of matrix metalloproteinase-2 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 in hepatic stellate cells during rat hepatic fibrosis and its intervention by IL-10. World J Gastroenterol. 2005 Mar 28;11(12):1753-8.

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15548383 Lee SH, Seo GS, Park YN, Yoo TM, Sohn DH: Effects and regulation of osteopontin in rat hepatic stellate cells. Biochem Pharmacol. 2004 Dec 15;68(12):2367-78.

Northern and western blot analyses showed that OPN was increasingly expressed during the progressive activation of cultured rat HSCs, and a significant increase in OPN was observed in carbon tetrachloride-induced rat liver fibrosis.
Incubation of HSCs with recombinant OPN-induced significant proliferative and migratory effects, and induced matrix metalloproteinase 2 production and activation.
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19359521 Mitchell C, Couton D, Couty JP, Anson M, Crain AM, Bizet V, Renia L, Pol S, Mallet V, Gilgenkrantz H: Dual role of CCR2 in the constitution and the resolution of liver fibrosis in mice. Am J Pathol. 2009 May;174(5):1766-75. Epub 2009 Apr 9.


The persistence of hepatic injury in mutant animals was correlated with sustained tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 mRNA expression levels and a reduction in matrix metalloproteinase-2 and matrix metalloproteinase-13 expression levels.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
15633128 Oakley F, Meso M, Iredale JP, Green K, Marek CJ, Zhou X, May MJ, Millward-Sadler H, Wright MC, Mann DA: Inhibition of inhibitor of kappaB kinases stimulates hepatic stellate cell apoptosis and accelerated recovery from rat liver fibrosis. Gastroenterology. 2005 Jan;128(1):108-20.

Fibrosis was established in rat livers by chronic injury with carbon tetrachloride followed by recovery with or without sulfasalazine (150 mg/kg) treatment.
A single in vivo administration of sulfasalazine promoted accelerated recovery from fibrosis as assessed by improved fibrosis score, selective clearance of smooth muscle alpha-actin-positive myofibroblasts, reduced hepatic procollagen I and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 messenger RNA expression, and increased matrix metalloproteinase 2 activity.
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18263696 Peng Z, Fernandez P, Wilder T, Yee H, Chiriboga L, Chan ES, Cronstein BN: Ecto-5'-nucleotidase (CD73) -mediated extracellular adenosine production plays a critical role in hepatic fibrosis. FASEB J. 2008 Jul;22(7):2263-72. Epub 2008 Feb 8.


After CCl (4) treatment, the mRNA level of A (1), A (2A), A (2B), and A (3) adenosine receptors, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin (IL) -1beta, IL-13r alpha1, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, MMP-14, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP) -1, and TIMP-2, and IL-13 level increased markedly in both CD73KO and WT mice, but Col1 alpha1, Col3 alpha1, and transforming growth factor-beta1 mRNA increased much more in WT mice than that in KO mice.
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14761280 Li X, Meng Y, Yang XS, Zhang ZS, Wu PS, Zou JL: [Perindopril attenuates the progression of CCl4-inducing rat hepatic fibrosis]. Zhonghua Gan Zang Bing Za Zhi. 2004 Jan;12(1):32-4.


The activity of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) was assessed by zymography.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
16539848 Chou WY, Lu CN, Lee TH, Wu CL, Hung KS, Concejero AM, Jawan B, Wang CH: Electroporative interleukin-10 gene transfer ameliorates carbon tetrachloride-induced murine liver fibrosis by MMP and TIMP modulation. Acta Pharmacol Sin. 2006 Apr;27(4):469-76.

Furthermore, IL-10 significantly inhibited matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinase (TIMP) activation after CCl4 intoxication.
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15763341 Bansal MB, Kovalovich K, Gupta R, Li W, Agarwal A, Radbill B, Alvarez CE, Safadi R, Fiel MI, Friedman SL, Taub RA: Interleukin-6 protects hepatocytes from CCl4-mediated necrosis and apoptosis in mice by reducing MMP-2 expression. J Hepatol. 2005 Apr;42(4):548-56.


Because studies suggest matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) may promote liver injury, we examined whether IL-6 exerted its protective effects via regulation of MMP-2.
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19670427 Tong Z, Chen R, Alt DS, Kemper S, Perbal B, Brigstock DR: Susceptibility to liver fibrosis in mice expressing a connective tissue growth factor transgene in hepatocytes. Hepatology. 2009 Sep;50(3):939-47.


Moreover, CCl (4)-induced serum hyaluronic acid, hepatic tissue levels of alpha-SMA or acid-soluble collagen, and messenger RNA expression of alpha-SMA, collagen alpha1 (I), matrix metalloprotease-2, or tissue inhibitor of metalloprotease-1 were greater in transgenic mice than in wild-type mice.
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18054572 Sancho-Bru P, Bataller R, Fernandez-Varo G, Moreno M, Ramalho LN, Colmenero J, Mari M, Claria J, Jimenez W, Arroyo V, Brenner DA, Gines P: Bradykinin attenuates hepatocellular damage and fibrosis in rats with chronic liver injury. Gastroenterology. 2007 Dec;133(6):2019-28. Epub 2007 Sep 26.

Bradykinin reduced procollagen-alpha1 (I) and transforming growth factor-beta1 gene expression and induced matrix metalloproteinase-2 activation.
The effect of bradykinin on liver injury was studied by infusing saline or bradykinin (1 and 100 ng/kg/min) through a subcutaneous pump into carbon tetrachloride-treated rats and mice treated with Fas-stimulating antibody.
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17481882 Zhen MC, Wang Q, Huang XH, Cao LQ, Chen XL, Sun K, Liu YJ, Li W, Zhang LJ: Green tea polyphenol epigallocatechin-3-gallate inhibits oxidative damage and preventive effects on carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatic fibrosis. J Nutr Biochem. 2007 Dec;18(12):795-805. Epub 2007 May 3.

Moreover, EGCG markedly attenuated HSC activation as well as matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 activity.
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19072832 Aram G, Potter JJ, Liu X, Wang L, Torbenson MS, Mezey E: Deficiency of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, reduced form oxidase enhances hepatocellular injury but attenuates fibrosis after chronic carbon tetrachloride administration. Hepatology. 2009 Mar;49(3):911-9.

Matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and MMP-9 mRNA increased more in the gp91 (phox (-/-) ) than in WT mice after CCl (4.) Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 (TIMP-1) and TIMP-2 increased after CCl (4) only in the gp91 (phox (-/-) ) mice.
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17944888 Hsiao Y, Zou T, Ling CC, Hu H, Tao XM, Song HY: Disruption of tissue-type plasminogen activator gene in mice aggravated liver fibrosis. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2008 Jul;23(7 Pt 2):e258-64. Epub 2007 Oct 17.

The aim of this study is to investigate the role of tPA in carbon tetrachloride (CCl (4))-induced liver fibrosis.
On the other hand, the decrease of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) activities, metalloproteinase-13 (MMP-13) expression and a marked increase of tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) expression were found in the liver of CCl (4) administrated tPA (-/-) mice compared with wild-type counterparts.
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15789448 Zhao G, Chen JJ, Wang LT: [Expression of matrix metalloproteinase-2 in rats with liver fibrosis] Zhonghua Gan Zang Bing Za Zhi. 2003 Mar;11(3):134.

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16033810 Titos E, Claria J, Planaguma A, Lopez-Parra M, Gonzalez-Periz A, Gaya J, Miquel R, Arroyo V, Rodes J: Inhibition of 5-lipoxygenase-activating protein abrogates experimental liver injury: role of Kupffer cells. J Leukoc Biol. 2005 Oct;78(4):871-8. Epub 2005 Jul 20.

In the current study, we explored whether the potent FLAP inhibitor, Bay-X-1005, reduces the number of Kupffer cells in vivo and whether this pharmacological intervention protects the liver from carbon tetrachloride (CCl (4))-induced damage.
Moreover, Bay-X-1005 induced a reduction in the gelatinolytic activity of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and a decrease in mRNA expression of tissue inhibitor of MMP-2.
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