Protein Information

Name glutathione S transferase
Synonyms GST class alpha 2; Gst2; GST class alpha; GST class alpha member 2; GST gamma; GSTA 2; GSTA2; GSTA2 2…

Compound Information

Name ethylene dichloride
CAS 1,2-dichloroethane

Reference List

PubMed Abstract RScore(About this table)
3296321 Ansari GA, Singh SV, Gan JC, Awasthi YC: Human erythrocyte glutathione S-transferase: a possible marker of chemical exposure. Toxicol Lett. 1987 Jun;37(1):57-62.

All the model compounds tested in the present study (acrolein, propylene oxide, styrene oxide, ethylene dibromide and ethylene dichloride) showed a dose-dependent inactivation of erythrocyte GST in situ as well as the inhibition of purified erythrocyte GST.
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3787626 Igwe OJ, Hee SS, Wagner WD: Interaction between 1,2-dichloroethane and tetraethylthiuram disulfide (disulfiram). Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 1986 Nov;86(2):286-97.


Although DSF and DSF/DCE combination increased the activity of glutathione S-transferases (GSTs), both DSF and DCE singly and in combination increased the tissue levels of reduced glutathione (GSH).
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2870801 Inskeep PB, Koga N, Cmarik JL, Guengerich FP: Covalent binding of 1,2-dihaloalkanes to DNA and stability of the major DNA adduct, S-[2-(N7-guanyl) ethyl] glutathione. Cancer Res. 1986 Jun;46(6):2839-44.


The major DNA adduct formed from the carcinogen ethylene dibromide (1,2-dibromoethane, EDB) is S-[2-(N7-guanyl) ethyl] glutathione, resulting from the reaction of guanyl residues with the half-mustard S-(2-bromoethyl) glutathione, which is generated by glutathione S-transferase-catalyzed conjugation of EDB with glutathione.
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3966241 Storer RD, Conolly RB: An investigation of the role of microsomal oxidative metabolism in the in vivo genotoxicity of 1,2-dichloroethane. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 1985 Jan;77(1):36-46.


In vitro studies have demonstrated that two different metabolic pathways, glutathione conjugation mediated by the glutathione S-transferases and microsomal oxidation, may be involved in the genotoxicity and carcinogenicity of 1,2-dichloroethane (DCE).
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1976079 Forkert PG, Geddes BA, Birch DW, Massey TE: Morphologic changes and covalent binding of 1,1-dichloroethylene in Clara and alveolar type II cells isolated from lungs of mice following in vivo administration. Drug Metab Dispos. 1990 Jul-Aug;18(4):534-9.


Lung cells from control mice separated by centrifugal elutriation were viable and metabolically active as assessed by measurements of 7-ethoxycoumarin deethylase, NADPH cytochrome c reductase, and glutathione S-transferase activities, which were highest in fractions enriched in Clara cells.
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7500980 Fossett NG, Byrne BJ, Tucker AB, Arbour-Reily P, Chang S, Lee WR: Mutation spectrum of 2-chloroethyl methanesulfonate in Drosophila melanogaster premeiotic germ cells. Mutat Res. 1995 Oct;331(2):213-24.


Rates of GSH-mediated conjugation, catalyzed by purified rat liver glutathione-S-transferase (GST), and binding of [35S] GSH-mediated conjugation products to calf thymus DNA were determined for 2ClEMS, 1,2-dichloroethane (EDC) and 1,2-dibromoethane (EDB).
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1504262 Jean PA, Reed DJ: Utilization of glutathione during 1,2-dihaloethane metabolism in rat hepatocytes. Chem Res Toxicol. 1992 May-Jun;5(3):386-91.


These results indicate that the glutathione S-transferase-catalyzed conjugation of GSH with the DHEs is responsible for the majority of the DHE-induced GSH depletion.
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24503 Rannug U, Sundvall A, Ramel C: The mutagenic effect of 1,2-dichloroethane on Salmonella typhimurium I. Chem Biol Interact. 1978 Jan;20(1):1-16.


One of the main components in the waste products from vinyl chloride industries (EDC-tar), is ethylene dichloride (1,2-dichloroethane).
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18579268 Sweeney LM, Saghir SA, Gargas ML: Physiologically based pharmacokinetic model development and simulations for ethylene dichloride (1,2-dichloroethane) in rats. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol. 2008 Aug;51(3):311-23. Epub 2008 May 20.

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8330352 Simula TP, Glancey MJ, Wolf CR: Human glutathione S-transferase-expressing Salmonella typhimurium tester strains to study the activation/detoxification of mutagenic compounds: studies with halogenated compounds, aromatic amines and aflatoxin B1. Carcinogenesis. 1993 Jul;14(7):1371-6.

The ability of these GST to modulate the mutagenicity of a range of mutagens including ethylene dibromide, ethylene dichloride and methylene dichloride was then investigated.
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11673082 Chroust K, Jowett T, Farid-Wajidi MF, Huang JY, Ryskova M, Wolf R, Holoubek I: Activation or detoxification of mutagenic and carcinogenic compounds in transgenic Drosophila expressing human glutathione S-transferase. Mutat Res. 2001 Nov 15;498(1-2):169-79.

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