Protein Information

Name transferase
Synonyms 4' phosphopantetheinyl transferase; 4' phosphopantetheinyl transferase; AASD PPT; AASDHPPT; AASDPPT; Alpha aminoadipic semialdehyde dehydrogenase phosphopantetheinyl transferase; Aminoadipate semialdehyde dehydrogenase phosphopantetheinyl transferase; CGI 80…

Compound Information

Name methylene chloride
CAS dichloromethane

Reference List

PubMed Abstract RScore(About this table)
15369734 Cha YY, Lee EO, Lee HJ, Park YD, Ko SG, Kim DH, Kim HM, Kang IC, Kim SH: Methylene chloride fraction of Scutellaria barbata induces apoptosis in human U937 leukemia cells via the mitochondrial signaling pathway. Clin Chim Acta. 2004 Oct;348(1-2):41-8.

METHODS: With methylene chloride fraction of Herba Scutellariae barbatae (MCSB), apoptosis-related experiments were carried out on human U937 leukemia cells by (a) 2,3-bis [2-4-nitro-5-sulphophenyl] 2H-tetrazolium-5-carboxanilide (XTT) assay for cytotoxicity; (b) terminal deoxynucleotidyl-transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay for morphological changes; (c) cell cycle analysis; (d) Western blot analysis of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), caspase-8, caspase-9, caspase-3 and Bax, Bcl-2 and cytochrome c expressions for apoptosis signaling pathway.
31(0,1,1,1) Details
9307035 Sherratt PJ, Pulford DJ, Harrison DJ, Green T, Hayes JD: Evidence that human class Theta glutathione S-transferase T1-1 can catalyse the activation of dichloromethane, a liver and lung carcinogen in the mouse. Biochem J. 1997 Sep 15;326 ( Pt 3):837-46.


The cDNA encoding human glutathione S-transferase (GST) T1 has been expressed as two recombinant forms in Escherichia coli that could be purified by affinity chromatography on either IgG-Sepharose or nickel-agarose; one form of the transferase was synthesized from the pALP 1 expression vector as a Staphylococcus aureus protein A fusion, whereas the other form was synthesized from the pET-20b expression vector as a C-terminal polyhistidine-tagged recombinant.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
11884241 Sherratt PJ, Williams S, Foster J, Kernohan N, Green T, Hayes JD: Direct comparison of the nature of mouse and human GST T1-1 and the implications on dichloromethane carcinogenicity. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2002 Mar 1;179(2):89-97.


The species specificity is thought to be due to the greater amount of transferase activity in mouse target organs and specific nuclear localization of GST T1-1 in target cells.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
12751236 Trotsenko IuA, Doronina NV: [The biology of aerobic methylobacteria capable of degrading halomethanes] . Mikrobiologiia. 2003 Mar-Apr;72(2):149-60.


The initial steps of chloromethane dehalogenation to formate and HCl through a methylated corrinoid and methyletrahydrofolate are catalyzed by inducible cobalamin methyl transferase, made up of two proteins (CmuA and CmuB) encoded by the cmuA and cmuB genes.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
8100433 Pankow D, Jagielki S: Effect of methanol or modifications of the hepatic glutathione concentration on the metabolism of dichloromethane to carbon monoxide in rats. Hum Exp Toxicol. 1993 May;12(3):227-31.


The two pathways of DCM, the oxidative via CYP 2E1 and the metabolism via GSH/GSH-S-transferase seem to be independent.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
14727918 Marsch GA, Botta S, Martin MV, McCormick WA, Guengerich FP: Formation and mass spectrometric analysis of DNA and nucleoside adducts by S-(1-acetoxymethyl) glutathione and by glutathione S-transferase-mediated activation of dihalomethanes. Chem Res Toxicol. 2004 Jan;17(1):45-54.


The relative efficiency of adduct formation by GSH transferases was rat 5-5 > human T1-1 > bacterial DM11, showing that human GSH transferase T1-1 can form dihalomethane adducts under the conditions used.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
8761485 Mainwaring GW, Williams SM, Foster JR, Tugwood J, Green T: The distribution of theta-class glutathione S-transferases in the liver and lung of mouse, rat and human. Biochem J. 1996 Aug 15;318 ( Pt 1):297-303.

Low levels of human transferase GSTT1-1 were detected in a small number of Clara cells and ciliated cells at the alveolar/ bronchiolar junction.
The relative activities between species, and the cellular and sub-cellular distribution within the liver and lungs of each species, provides an explanation for the species-specificity of methylene chloride, a mouse-specific carcinogen activated by glutathione S-transferase GSTT1-1.
1(0,0,0,1) Details