Protein Information

Name lysozyme
Synonyms LYZ; LZM; Lysozyme; Lysozyme C; Lysozyme C precursor; Lysozymes; Lysozyme Cs; Lysozyme C precursors

Compound Information

Name methylene chloride
CAS dichloromethane

Reference List

PubMed Abstract RScore(About this table)
10499842 Nam YS, Park TG: Protein loaded biodegradable microspheres based on PLGA-protein bioconjugates. J Microencapsul. 1999 Sep-Oct;16(5):625-37.

The PLGA-lysozyme conjugate, dissolved in a co-solvent system of DMSO and methylene chloride, was directly formulated into microspheres by an oil-in-water (O/W) single emulsion solvent evaporation technique.
83(1,1,1,3) Details
11000539 Krishnamurthy R, Lumpkin JA, Sridhar R: Inactivation of lysozyme by sonication under conditions relevant to microencapsulation. Int J Pharm. 2000 Sep 15;205(1-2):23-34.

The relatively stable enzyme lysozyme was dissolved in aqueous buffer and sonicated in the presence of methylene chloride to mimic the initial step of the microencapsulation process.
32(0,0,5,7) Details
10974389 van de Weert M, Hoechstetter J, Hennink WE, Crommelin DJ: The effect of a water/organic solvent interface on the structural stability of lysozyme. J Control Release. 2000 Sep 3;68(3):351-9.

The effect of emulsification of lysozyme solutions with methylene chloride on protein recovery and structural integrity was investigated.
19(0,0,2,9) Details
12701149 Perez C, Griebenow K: Effect of salts on lysozyme stability at the water-oil interface and upon encapsulation in poly (lactic-co-glycolic) acid microspheres. Biotechnol Bioeng. 2003 Jun 30;82(7):825-32.

First, we investigated the effect of salts on the specific enzyme activity and generation of soluble precipitates and insoluble aggregates upon emulsification of an aqueous lysozyme solution with methylene chloride.
13(0,0,1,8) Details
9795050 Park TG, Yong Lee H, Sung Nam Y: A new preparation method for protein loaded poly (D, L-lactic-co-glycolic acid) microspheres and protein release mechanism study. J Control Release. 1998 Nov 13;55(2-3):181-91.

Lysozyme powder, which was prepared from lyophilization after adjusting a lysozyme solution pH at 3, was molecularly dissolved in a co-solvent system composed of dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) and methylene chloride.
10(0,0,1,5) Details
16408861 Bilati U, Allemann E, Doelker E: Nanoprecipitation versus emulsion-based techniques for the encapsulation of proteins into biodegradable nanoparticles and process-related stability issues. AAPS PharmSciTech. 2005 Dec 1;6(4):E594-604.

The results obtained showed that tetanus toxoid and lysozyme were efficiently incorporated by the double emulsion procedure when ethyl acetate was used as solvent (> 80% entrapment efficiency), whereas it was necessary to use methylene chloride to achieve high insulin entrapment efficiencies.
8(0,0,1,3) Details
18395374 Taluja A, Bae YH: Role of a novel multifunctional excipient poly (ethylene glycol)-block-oligo (vinyl sulfadimethoxine) in controlled release of lysozyme from PLGA microspheres. Int J Pharm. 2008 Jun 24;358(1-2):50-9. Epub 2008 Feb 16.

8(0,0,0,8) Details
11578104 Perez C, Griebenow K: Improved activity and stability of lysozyme at the water/CH2Cl2 interface: enzyme unfolding and aggregation and its prevention by polyols. J Pharm Pharmacol. 2001 Sep;53(9):1217-26.

6(0,0,0,6) Details
10053187 Sah H: Stabilization of proteins against methylene chloride/water interface-induced denaturation and aggregation. J Control Release. 1999 Mar 29;58(2):143-51.

The model proteins used in this study included bovine serum albumin (BSA), S-carboxymethylated BSA (CM-BSA), reduced-S-carboxymethylated BSA (RCM-BSA), ovalbumin, and lysozyme.
4(0,0,0,4) Details
10350502 Young TJ, Johnston KP, Mishima K, Tanaka H: Encapsulation of lysozyme in a biodegradable polymer by precipitation with a vapor-over-liquid antisolvent. J Pharm Sci. 1999 Jun;88(6):640-50.

4(0,0,0,4) Details
10343502 Sah H: Protein instability toward organic solvent/water emulsification: implications for protein microencapsulation into microspheres. PDA J Pharm Sci Technol. 1999 Jan-Feb;53(1):3-10.

To simulate the first microencapsulation step of a water-in-oil-in-water emulsion technique, a water-in-oil emulsion was prepared by emulsifying an aqueous protein solution in either methylene chloride or ethyl acetate.
Bovine serum albumin was relatively unharmed during emulsification, compared to other proteins such as ovalbumin and lysozyme.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
18374553 Malzert-Freon A, Benoit JP, Boury F: Interactions between poly (ethylene glycol) and protein in dichloromethane/water emulsions: a study of interfacial properties. Eur J Pharm Biopharm. 2008 Aug;69(3):835-43. Epub 2008 Jan 31.


From adsorption kinetics and interfacial rheological studies performed by using a pendant-drop method, i.e. in conditions close to those of the primary emulsion of the water-in-oil-in-water emulsion-encapsulation technique, it was shown that adsorption of the hen egg-white lysozyme (HEWL) at the water/dichloromethane (DCM) interface can be efficiently slowed down by modulating some parameters.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
16906526 Moshfeghian A, Tillman J, Madihally SV: Characterization of emulsified chitosan-PLGA matrices formed using controlled-rate freezing and lyophilization technique. J Biomed Mater Res A. 2006 Nov;79(2):418-30.

Forming emulsions after dissolving PLGA in chloroform, benzene, or methylene chloride indicated better emulsion stability with benzene and chloroform.
Since the two polymers degrade by different mechanisms, formed scaffolds were analyzed for degradation characteristics for 4 weeks in presence of 10 mg/L lysozyme.
1(0,0,0,1) Details