Protein Information

Name C18
Synonyms B1; D1; BBS 9; BBS9; BBS9 GENE; Bardet Biedl syndrome 9 protein; C18; PTH responsive osteosarcoma B1 protein…

Compound Information

Name diatomaceous earth
CAS diatomite

Reference List

PubMed Abstract RScore(About this table)
15036001 Warzecha L, Janoszka B, Blaszczyk U, Strozyk M, Bodzek D, Dobosz C: Determination of heterocyclic aromatic amines (HAs) content in samples of household-prepared meat dishes. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2004 Mar 25;802(1):95-106.

The clean-up procedure included tandem solid-phase extraction (SPE) using Extrelut-type columns filled with diatomaceous earth, propylsulphonic acid and chemically bounded phase-C18.
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7756860 Gillespie AM, Daly SL, Gilvydis DM, Schneider F, Walters SM: Multicolumn solid-phase extraction cleanup of organophosphorus and organochlorine pesticide residues in vegetable oils and butterfat. J AOAC Int. 1995 Mar-Apr;78(2):431-7.

An oil or fat sample (about 2 g) in hexane was passed through a diatomaceous earth (Extrelut QE) column and a C18 bonded silica (ODS) SPE cartridge, resulting in the separation of the pesticides from about 98% of the lipids.
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11771835 Janoszka B, Blaszczyk U, Warzecha L, Strozyk M, Damasiewicz-Bodzek A, Bodzek D: Clean-up procedures for the analysis of heterocyclic aromatic amines (aminoazaarenes) from heat-treated meat samples. J Chromatogr A. 2001 Dec 14;938(1-2):155-65.

The results of the studies showed that a solid-phase extraction procedure using diatomaceous earth (Extrelut, 20 ml), propylsulphonic acid (PRS, 500 mg) and octadecylsilane (C18, 500 mg) columns was the quickest and simplest one.
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18954086 Moreda-Pineiro A, Pena-Vazquez E, Hermelo-Herbello P, Bermejo-Barrera P, Moreda-Pineiro J, Alonso-Rodriguez E, Muniategui-Lorenzo S, Lopez-Mahia P, Prada-Rodriguez D: Matrix Solid-Phase Dispersion as a Sample Pretreatment for the Speciation of Arsenic in Seafood Products. Anal Chem. 2008 Oct 28.

Quantitative recoveries for inorganic and organic arsenic species have been obtained when using diatomaceous earth or octadecyl-functionalized silica gel (C18) as a solid support material, with a solid support mass/sample mass ratio of 7.0.
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19551946 Moreda-Pineiro A, Pena-Vazquez E, Hermelo-Herbello P, Bermejo-Barrera P, Moreda-Pineiro J, Alonso-Rodriguez E, Muniategui-Lorenzo S, Lopez-Mahia P, Prada-Rodriguez D: Matrix solid-phase dispersion as a sample pretreatment for the speciation of arsenic in seafood products. Anal Chem. 2008 Dec 1;80(23):9272-8.

Quantitative recoveries for inorganic and organic arsenic species have been obtained when using diatomaceous earth or octadecyl-functionalized silica gel (C18) as a solid support material, with a solid support mass/sample mass ratio of 7.0.
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1908454 Stubblefield RD, Greer JI, Shotwell OL, Aikens AM: Rapid immunochemical screening method for aflatoxin B1 in human and animal urine. J Assoc Off Anal Chem. 1991 May-Jun;74(3):530-2.

Urine is treated with diatomaceous earth and filtered to clarify the sample; 2-3 ppb aflatoxin B1, corresponding to about 300 ppb in the ingested feed/food, can be detected in the filtered urine without further purification.
To improve sensitivity, the urine filtrate is passed through a C18 solid phase column to extract the aflatoxin.
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4079340 Hyde PM: Evaluation of drug extraction procedures from urine. J Anal Toxicol. 1985 Nov-Dec;9(6):269-72.


Radioactive methadone, phenytoin, phenobarbital, and diazepam were easily and efficiently removed from human urine samples by adsorption on C18 bonded silica phases.
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1452620 Barberi-Heyob M, Merlin JL, Weber B: Analysis of 5-fluorouracil in plasma and urine by high-performance liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr. 1992 Oct 23;581(2):281-6.

The columns contained a specially modified form of diatomaceous earth, which requires no pre-conditioning washes.
Reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography was performed on a C18 column (70 mm x 4.6 mm I.D.) with a mobile phase of water-methanol (95:5) and ultraviolet detection (268 nm).
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9160253 Dean JR, Khundker S: Extraction of pharmaceuticals using pressurised carbon dioxide. . J Pharm Biomed Anal. 1997 Apr;15(7):875-86.

Celite or diatomaceous earth, or immobilisation on a functionalised silica surface, e.g.
C18.
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1298355 Maya MT, Farinha AR, Lucas AM, Morais JA: Sensitive method for the determination of phenytoin in plasma, and phenytoin and 5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-phenylhydantoin in urine by high-performance liquid chromatography. J Pharm Biomed Anal. 1992 Oct-Dec;10(10-12):1001-6.


Following ethyl acetate (plasma) and Extrelut-1 (urine) extraction, samples are analysed by means of a reversed-phase column (Nova-Pak C18), using a mobile phase consisting of methanol-water-tetrahydrofuran (40:60:4, v/v/v) with UV detection at 230 nm.
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