Protein Information

Name orexin
Synonyms HCRT; PPOX; Hcrt; Hypocretin; Hypocretin neuropeptide; OX; Orexin; Orexin precursor…

Compound Information

Name nicotine
CAS

Reference List

PubMed Abstract RScore(About this table)
20147556 Plaza-Zabala A, Martin-Garcia E, de Lecea L, Maldonado R, Berrendero F: Hypocretins regulate the anxiogenic-like effects of nicotine and induce reinstatement of nicotine-seeking behavior. J Neurosci. 2010 Feb 10;30(6):2300-10.

Therefore, the Hcrt system interacts with CRF and AVP neurons in the PVN and modulates the anxiogenic-like effects of nicotine whereas Hcrt and CRF play a different role in the reinstatement of nicotine-seeking.
80(0,2,5,5) Details
19828259 von der Goltz C, Koopmann A, Dinter C, Richter A, Rockenbach C, Grosshans M, Nakovics H, Wiedemann K, Mann K, Winterer G, Kiefer F: Orexin and leptin are associated with nicotine craving: a link between smoking, appetite and reward. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2010 May;35(4):570-7. Epub 2009 Oct 13.
70(0,2,3,5) Details
19596018 Winrow CJ, Tanis KQ, Reiss DR, Rigby AM, Uslaner JM, Uebele VN, Doran SM, Fox SV, Garson SL, Gotter AL, Levine DM, Roecker AJ, Coleman PJ, Koblan KS, Renger JJ: Orexin receptor antagonism prevents transcriptional and behavioral plasticity resulting from stimulant exposure. Neuropharmacology. 2010 Jan;58(1):185-94. Epub 2009 Jul 14.

Orexin is a key neurotransmitter of central arousal and reward circuits in the CNS.
Further, DORA attenuates the ability of nicotine to induce reinstatement of extinguished responding for a reinforcer, demonstrating selectivity of the effect to reward pathways and not to food intake.
4(0,0,0,4) Details
20236223 Pasumarthi RK, Fadel J: Stimulation of lateral hypothalamic glutamate and acetylcholine efflux by nicotine: implications for mechanisms of nicotine-induced activation of orexin neurons. J Neurochem. 2010 Mar 4.
230(2,4,5,5) Details
19033203 Hollander JA, Lu Q, Cameron MD, Kamenecka TM, Kenny PJ: Insular hypocretin transmission regulates nicotine reward. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2008 Dec 9;105(49):19480-5. Epub 2008 Nov 24.

Blockade of Hcrt-1 receptors also abolished the stimulatory effects of nicotine on brain reward circuitries, as measured by reversal of nicotine-induced lowering of intracranial self-stimulation thresholds.
155(1,3,5,5) Details
20177882 LeSage MG, Perry JL, Kotz CM, Shelley D, Corrigall WA: Nicotine self-administration in the rat: effects of hypocretin antagonists and changes in hypocretin mRNA. Psychopharmacology. 2010 Apr;209(2):203-12. Epub 2010 Feb 24.
113(1,2,2,3) Details
19529922 Corrigall WA: Hypocretin mechanisms in nicotine addiction: evidence and speculation. Psychopharmacology. 2009 Sep;206(1):23-37. Epub 2009 Jun 16.

Theoretically, hypocretin (hcrt) mechanisms appear to be potential substrates for nicotine addiction: arousal and attentional mechanisms influence use and withdrawal symptoms, and hcrt systems overlap anatomically with a number of brain regions associated with nicotine addiction.
88(1,1,2,3) Details