Protein Information

Name IL 6
Synonyms 26 kd protein; B cell differentiation factor; B cell stimulatory factor 2; BSF 2; BSF2; CDF; CTL differentiation factor; HGF…

Compound Information

Name nicotine
CAS

Reference List

PubMed Abstract RScore(About this table)
20220107 Sharentuya N, Tomimatsu T, Mimura K, Tskitishvili E, Kinugasa-Taniguchi Y, Kanagawa T, Kimura T: Nicotine Suppresses Interleukin-6 Production From Vascular Endothelial Cells: A Possible Therapeutic Role of Nicotine for Preeclampsia. Reprod Sci. 2010 Mar 10.
195(2,3,3,5) Details
19741199 Chatterjee PK, Al-Abed Y, Sherry B, Metz CN: Cholinergic agonists regulate JAK2/STAT3 signaling to suppress endothelial cell activation. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 2009 Nov;297(5):C1294-306. Epub 2009 Sep 9.

Treatment of macrovascular human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and microvascular endothelial cells (MVECs) with the cholinergic agonists nicotine and GTS-21 significantly reduced IL-6-mediated monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) production and ICAM-1 expression which are regulated through the JAK2/STAT3 pathway.
115(1,2,2,5) Details
19732285 Hosur V, Leppanen S, Abutaha A, Loring RH: Gene regulation of alpha4beta2 nicotinic receptors: microarray analysis of nicotine-induced receptor up-regulation and anti-inflammatory effects. J Neurochem. 2009 Nov;111(3):848-58. Epub 2009 Sep 1.

Nicotine suppresses IL-1beta and IL-6 expression at least in part by inhibiting NFkappaB activation.
82(1,1,1,2) Details
19729077 Jeong GS, Lee SH, Jeong SN, Kim YC, Kim EC: Anti-inflammatory effects of apigenin on nicotine- and lipopolysaccharide-stimulated human periodontal ligament cells via heme oxygenase-1. Int Immunopharmacol. 2009 Nov;9(12):1374-80. Epub 2009 Sep 1.

Apigenin significantly inhibited the nicotine- and LPS-induced production of NO, PGE2, IL-1beta, TNF-alpha, IL-6, and IL-12, and the upregulation of iNOS and COX-2 in hPDL cells.
82(1,1,1,2) Details
19673871 Tsutakawa S, Kobayashi D, Kusama M, Moriya T, Nakahata N: Nicotine enhances skin necrosis and expression of inflammatory mediators in a rat pressure ulcer model. Br J Dermatol. 2009 Nov;161(5):1020-7. Epub 2009 Jun 11.

To clarify the mechanism of the effect of nicotine, mRNA levels of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), interleukin (IL)-1beta, IL-6 and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and protein expression of COX-2 and iNOS in the necrotic area were investigated by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting, respectively.
37(0,1,2,2) Details
19519907 Lindblad SS, Mydel P, Jonsson IM, Senior RM, Tarkowski A, Bokarewa M: Smoking and nicotine exposure delay development of collagen-induced arthritis in mice. Arthritis Res Ther. 2009;11(3):R88. Epub 2009 Jun 11.

Nicotine also showed a direct anti-inflammatory effect diminishing IL-6 production by stimulated splenocytes in vitro (P < 0.001).
32(0,1,1,2) Details
19626424 Kondo Y, Tachikawa E, Ohtake S, Kudo K, Mizuma K, Kashimoto T, Irie Y, Taira E: Inflammatory cytokines decrease the expression of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor during the cell maturation. Mol Cell Biochem. 2010 Jan;333(1-2):57-64. Epub 2009 Jul 22.

Furthermore, we examined the ability of the cells to release cytokine when stimulated with both nicotine and LPS and showed that the stimulation with LPS augmented the secretion of IL-1a, IL-1b, IL-6, and TNF-alpha.
31(0,1,1,1) Details
19892012 Lin CC, Lee IT, Yang YL, Lee CW, Kou YR, Yang CM: Induction of COX-2/PGE (2)/IL-6 is crucial for cigarette smoke extract-induced airway inflammation: Role of TLR4-dependent NADPH oxidase activation. Free Radic Biol Med. 2010 Jan 15;48(2):240-54. Epub 2009 Nov 3.

In addition, treatment with nicotine could induce COX-2, PGE (2), and IL-6 generation in in vivo and in vitro studies.
11(0,0,1,6) Details
20336357 Boland C, Collet V, Laterre E, Lecuivre C, Wittebole X, Laterre PF: Electrical Vagus Nerve Stimulation and Nicotine Effects in Peritonitis-Induced Acute Lung Injury in Rats. Inflammation. 2010 Mar 25.

Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10, cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant (CINC)-3 and thrombin-antithrombin complexes (TATc) were measured at baseline and at 4 and 8 h after CLP.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
19769802 Wang JH, Kim H, Jang YJ: Cigarette smoke extract enhances rhinovirus-induced toll-like receptor 3 expression and interleukin-8 secretion in A549 cells. Am J Rhinol Allergy. 2009 Nov-Dec;23(6):e5-9. Epub 2009 Sep 18.

BACKGROUND: Using A549 alveolar epithelial type II-like cells, we investigated the effects of cigarette smoke on the expression of rhinovirus (RV)-induced Toll-like receptor (TLR) 3, interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-8 secretion and viral replication.
METHODS: Cigarette smoke extract (CSE) was prepared by smoking two commercial cigarettes with filters (0.9-mg of nicotine and 8.5-mg of tar per cigarette).
2(0,0,0,2) Details
19436652 Vikman P, Xu CB, Edvinsson L: Lipid-soluble cigarette smoking particles induce expression of inflammatory and extracellular-matrix-related genes in rat cerebral arteries. Vasc Health Risk Manag. 2009;5(1):333-41. Epub 2009 Apr 8.

METHODS: Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)-soluble (lipid-soluble) cigarette smoking particles (DSP) were extracted from cigarette smoke (0.8 mg nicotine per cigarette; Marlboro).
The expression of matrix metalloproteinase 9 and 13 (MMP9 and MMP13), angiotensin receptor 1 and 2 (AT (1) and AT (2)), interleukin 6 and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) were investigated at mRNA level by real-time PCR and/or at protein level by immunohistochemistry.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
19637760 Didilescu AC, Hanganu SC, Galie N, Greabu M, Totan A, Stratul SI, Puiu L: [The role of smoking in changing essential parameters in body homeostasis] . Pneumologia. 2009 Apr-Jun;58(2):89-94.

Many studies suggest that nicotine induces vasoconstriction, not only in coronary arteries but also in peripheral vessels, hypertension, pro-atherogenic effects, due to increase of platelet activation and fatty acids concentration, alterations of endothelial-cell shapes, as well as endothelial-cell proliferation.
These effects are induced by alterations of endothelin-1, nitric oxide, IL1, IL6, TNF, and the CYP Enzyme System.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
19890701 Li T, Zuo X, Zhou Y, Wang Y, Zhuang H, Zhang L, Zhang H, Xiao X: The vagus nerve and nicotinic receptors involve inhibition of HMGB1 release and early pro-inflammatory cytokines function in collagen-induced arthritis. J Clin Immunol. 2010 Mar;30(2):213-20. Epub 2009 Nov 5.

METHODS: Fifty-six male DBA/1 mice were divided into four groups: control mice (sham vagotomy + phosphate-buffered saline; shamVGX+PBS), model mice (shamVGX+PBS+CIA), vagotomy mice (VGX+PBS+CIA), and nicotine (Nic) mice (shamVGX+Nic+CIA).
The concentration of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-10 in serum were evaluated by ELISA.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
19619852 Li DJ, Tang Q, Shen FM, Su DF, Duan JL, Xi T: Overexpressed alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor inhibited proinflammatory cytokine release in NIH3T3 cells. J Biosci Bioeng. 2009 Aug;108(2):85-91.

To evaluate the anti-inflammation activity of the over-expressed alpha7nAChR, TNF-alpha, IL-6, and IL-1beta release induced by lipopolysaccharide was determined.
No changes were found between NIH3T3-pIRES2-EGFP and NIH3T3-pIRES2-EGFP-alpha7nAChR culture supernatant under LPS challenge, however under nicotine pre-stimulation, pro-inflammatory cytokine release was significantly attenuated in alpha7nAChR transfected cell line.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
19852556 Calapai G, Caputi AP, Mannucci C, Gregg EO, Pieratti A, Aurora Russo G, Chaudhary N, Puntoni R, Lowe F, McEwan M, Bassi A, Morandi S, Nunziata A: A cross-sectional investigation of biomarkers of risk after a decade of smoking. Inhal Toxicol. 2009 Nov;21(13):1138-43.

All biomarkers of exposure-carbon monoxide, nicotine plus its five major metabolites, and 4-(methylnitrosamine)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL)-were significantly elevated in smokers.
Interleukin 6 levels were higher in smoker groups compared to never smokers, with a significant increasing trend across the groups (p < .05).
1(0,0,0,1) Details