| 19428945 |
Patil AJ, Gramajo AL, Sharma A, Seigel GM, Kuppermann BD, Kenney MC: Differential effects of nicotine on retinal and vascular cells in vitro. Toxicology. 2009 May 2;259(1-2):69-76. Epub 2009 Feb 20.
In R28 cells, the nicotine effects were through an oxidant pathway that is non-caspase, non-calpain mediated while the HMVEC toxicity was via necrosis. |
31(0,1,1,1) |
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| 20106947 |
Chen RJ, Ho YS, Guo HR, Wang YJ: Long-term Nicotine Exposure-Induced Chemoresistance is Mediated by Activation of Stat3 and Downregulation of ERK1/2 via nAChR and beta-AR in Human Bladder Cancer Cells. Toxicol Sci. 2010 Jan 27.
Apoptosis and cell cycle parameters were analyzed by annexin V staining, PARP degradation, caspase activity, and PI staining. |
1(0,0,0,1) |
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