Protein Information

Name cytochrome c
Synonyms CYC; CYCS; Cytochrome C; HCS; Cytochrome Cs

Compound Information

Name aldrin
CAS

Reference List

PubMed Abstract RScore(About this table)
6141878 Brattsten LB, Evans CK, Bonetti S, Zalkow LH: Induction by carrot allelochemicals of insecticide-metabolising enzymes in the southern armyworm (Spodoptera eridania). Comp Biochem Physiol C. 1984;77(1):29-37.

Carrot foliage monoterpenes induce cytochrome P-450 up to 2.9-fold, NADPH cytochrome c (P-450) reductase up to 1.6-fold, NADPH-oxidation up to 3.8-fold, aldrin epoxidation up to 1.5-fold in southern armyworm larval midgut tissues when incorporated in their diet at 0.2% for 3 days.
81(1,1,1,1) Details
6149883 Mullin CA, Matsumura F, Croft BA: Epoxide forming and degrading enzymes in the spider mite, Tetranychus urticae. Comp Biochem Physiol C. 1984;79(1):85-92.

Epoxidation of aldrin was primarily microsomal, required NADPH, was associated with a NADPH-cytochrome c reductase, and was inhibited by CO, 1-phenylimidazole and piperonyl butoxide.
31(0,1,1,1) Details
3663750 Grishanova AIu, Obraztsov VV, Shekhtman DG, Liakhovich VV: [Phenobarbital-type induction of cytochrome P-450 in liver microsomes by perfluorodecalin]. Biokhimiia. 1987 Jul;52(7):1138-43.

It was shown that perfluorodecalin injection as well as the phenobarbital one cause an increase in the cytochrome P-450 content, NADPH-cytochrome c reductase activity, the rates of benzphetamine N-demethylation and aldrin epoxidation in the microsomes.
31(0,1,1,1) Details
2508517 Banton MI, Flory W, Jowett PL, Winston GW: Comparison of the effects of Sesbania drummondii on the hepatic microsomal monooxygenase systems of chickens and rats. Am J Vet Res. 1989 Oct;50(10):1795-9.

Increases of twofold in the cytochrome P-450 content, NADPH-cytochrome c-reductase, aminopyrine-N-demethylase, aniline hydroxylase, ethoxycoumarin-O-deethylase, and aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase activities; fourfold in the aldrin epoxidase activity; and 15-fold in the ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase activity were observed in the S drummondii-treated chickens.
7(0,0,1,2) Details
739217 Stott WT, Sinnhuber RO: Dietary protein levels and aflatoxin B metabolism in rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri). J Environ Pathol Toxicol. 1978 Nov-Dec;2(2):379-88.

Fish fed diets containing 32 percent, 52 percent and 62 percent fish protein concentrate (FPC) were examined for hepatic cytochrome P-450 content and in vitro cytochrome c reductase, glutathione-S-epoxide transferase (GTr), epoxide hydrase (EH) and aldrin epoxidase (AE) activity.
7(0,0,1,2) Details
6780342 Wolff T, Greim H, Huang MT, Miwa GT, Lu AY: Aldrin epoxidation catalyzed by purified rat-liver cytochromes P-450 and P-448. Eur J Biochem. 1980 Oct;111(2):545-51.

Aldrin epoxidation was studied in monooxygenase systems reconstituted from purified rat liver microsomal cytochrome P-450 or P-448, NADPH-cytochrome c reductase, dilauroylphosphatidylcholine and sodium cholate.
6(0,0,1,1) Details
422931 Loveland PM, Nixon JE, Pawlowski NE, Eisele TA, Libbey LM, Sinnhuber RO: Aflatoxin B1 and aflatoxicol metabolism in rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) and the effects of dietary cyclopropene. J Environ Pathol Toxicol. 1979 Jan-Feb;2(3):707-18.

CPFA-fed fish had lower microsomal protein and cytochrome P-450 levels and NADPH-cytochrome c reductase and aldrin epoxidation activities than did controls.
6(0,0,1,1) Details
2510947 Mishin VM, Obraztsov VV, Grishanova AYu, Gutkina NI, Shekhtman DG, Khatsenko OG, Lyakhovich VV: The phenobarbital-type induction of rat liver microsomal monooxygenases by perfluorodecalin. Chem Biol Interact. 1989;72(1-2):143-55.


It has been shown that PFD increases the content of cytochrome P-450, NADPH-cytochrome c reductase activity.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
15091496 Fossi MC, Massi A, Lari L, Marsili L, Focardi S, Leonzio C, Renzoni A: Interspecies differences in mixed function oxidase activity in birds: Relationship between feeding habits, detoxication activities and organochlorine accumulation. Environ Pollut. 1995;90(1):15-24.

The role of MFO (particularly aldrin epoxidase activity) in the detoxication/bioaccumulation of organochlorines was also investigated.
NADPH-and NADH-cytochrome c reductase (NAD (P) H-CYT-CRED) and NADH-ferricyanide reductase (NADH-FERRIRED) activities were also measured in the liver microsomal fraction.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
3934854 Krupski G, Kiefer F, Wiebel FJ: Variability in the expression of xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes during the growth cycle of rat hepatoma cells. Xenobiotica. 1985 Aug-Sep;15(8-9):781-7.

Cytochrome P-450-dependent aldrin epoxidase activity showed a peak on day 3 after plating of cells and decreased by more than 90% during the following six days.
The activity of cytochrome c reductase and of the UDP-glucuronosyl transferase with 3-hydroxybenzo [a] pyrene as substrate remained constant throughout the growth cycle.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
3004505 Falzon M, McMahon JB, Schuller HM: Xenobiotic-metabolizing enzyme activity in human non-small-cell derived lung cancer cell lines. Biochem Pharmacol. 1986 Feb 15;35(4):563-8.

No aldrin epoxidase activity was present in either untreated or pretreated cell lines.
Untreated NCI-H322 and NCI-H358 also contained cytochrome b5, NADPH cytochrome c reductase and epoxide hydrolase activities.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
1907123 Skaare JU, Jensen EG, Goksoyr A, Egaas E: Response of xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) to the mono-ortho substituted polychlorinated PCB congener 2,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl, PCB-118, detected by enzyme activities and immunochemical methods. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol. 1991 Apr;20(3):349-52.

In liver microsomes prepared from fish killed 4 days after administration, the cytochrome P450-dependent monooxygenase activities of 7-ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase (EROD), aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH), and aldrin epoxidase (AE) were measured.
In addition, NADPH-cytochrome c reductase (NCCR) was analyzed, and the content of a specific cytochrome P450 isozyme was determined with Western blotting and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using rabbit anticod P450IA1 IgG.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
1685398 Borlakoglu JT, Stegeman J, Dils RR: Induction of hepatic cytochrome P-450IA1 in pigeons treated in vivo with Aroclor 1254, a commercial mixture of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). Comp Biochem Physiol C. 1991;99(3):279-86.


Treatment with a commercial mixture of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) resulted in highly significant increases in pigeon hepatic microsomal proteins (100-fold), cytochrome P-450 (11-fold), cytochrome b5 (7-fold), NADPH-cytochrome c-(P450) reductase (7-fold), ethoxycoumarin-O-deethylation (9-fold), aldrin epoxidase (22-fold), ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylation (48-fold), N-demethylation of dimethylnitrosamine (28-fold) but not of lauric acid 12-hydroxylation. 2.
0(0,0,0,0) Details
8117673 Andersen JF, Utermohlen JG, Feyereisen R: Expression of house fly CYP6A1 and NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase in Escherichia coli and reconstitution of an insecticide-metabolizing P450 system. Biochemistry. 1994 Mar 1;33(8):2171-7.


The reconstituted system was effective in the epoxidation of the cyclodiene insecticides aldrin and heptachlor, with turnover rates of 12 and 34 min-1, respectively.
0(0,0,0,0) Details
7903609 Egaas E, Skaare JU, Svendsen NO, Sandvik M, Falls JG, Dauterman WC, Collier TK, Netland J: A comparative study of effects of atrazine on xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes in fish and insect, and of the in vitro phase II atrazine metabolism in some fish, insects, mammals and one plant species. Comp Biochem Physiol C. 1993 Sep;106(1):141-9.


Atrazine (3 daily i.p. doses of 0.20 mg/kg or 10 ppb in the water for 14 days) did not change the xenobiotic metabolizing enzyme activities (XME) towards the substrates aldrin epoxidase (AE), NADPH-cytochrome c reductase (NCCR), 7-ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase (EROD), 1-chloro-2,4-dinitro-benzene (CDNB) and 1,2-dichloro-4-nitrobenzene (DCNB) in trout liver (Oncorhynchus mykiss) compared to the controls. 2.
0(0,0,0,0) Details
1949599 Flaoyen A, Jensen EG: Microsomal enzymes in lambs and adult sheep, and their possible relationship to alveld. Vet Res Commun. 1991;15(4):271-8.


However, aldrin epoxidase activity was at that time significantly highest in the phenobarbitone-dosed lambs and significantly lowest in the ewes.
0(0,0,0,0) Details
6603386 Meier PJ, Mueller HK, Dick B, Meyer UA: Hepatic monooxygenase activities in subjects with a genetic defect in drug oxidation. Gastroenterology. 1983 Sep;85(3):682-92.


There was no correlation between the capacity for debrisoquine hydroxylation and the total concentration of microsomal cytochrome P450, cytochrome b5, or the activities of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-cytochrome c reductase, aminopyrine-N-demethylase, aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase, ethoxycoumarin-O-deethylase, aldrin epoxidase, and 2-biphenylhydroxylase.
0(0,0,0,0) Details
3929785 McKillop D: Effects of phenobarbitone and beta-naphthoflavone on hepatic microsomal drug metabolising enzymes of the male beagle dog. Biochem Pharmacol. 1985 Sep 1;34(17):3137-42.


The concentration of total cytochrome P-450 (0.46 nmoles/mg protein) and aldrin epoxidase (0.44 nmoles/mg/min) was lower in control dogs than in the rat, although ethoxycoumarin O-deethylase (ECOD-1.03 nmoles/mg/min) was 2 times and ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase (EROD-0.10 nmoles/mg/min) 5 times higher in the control dogs examined.
0(0,0,0,0) Details
3818484 Wisniewski JA, Moody DE, Hammock BD, Shull LR: Interlobular distribution of hepatic xenobiotic-metabolizing enzyme activities in cattle, goats and sheep. J Anim Sci. 1987 Jan;64(1):210-5.


Within individual species, concentrations of cytochrome P-450 and b5 and activities of NADPH cytochrome c reductase, aldrin epoxidase, aminopyrine N-demethylase, ethoxycoumarin O-deethylase, microsomal and cytosolic stilbene oxide (epoxide) hydrolase and glutathione S-transferase were not different (P greater than .05) among the various hepatic lobes.
0(0,0,0,0) Details
8471063 Borlakoglu JT, Scott A, Henderson CJ, Jenke HJ, Wolf CR: Transplacental transfer of polychlorinated biphenyls induces simultaneously the expression of P450 isoenzymes and the protooncogenes c-Ha-ras and c-raf. Biochem Pharmacol. 1993 Apr 6;45(7):1373-86.

Seven days later, significant increases in maternal and foetal cytochrome P450, cytochrome b5 and cytochrome c (P450) reductase were found.
Concomitantly, the metabolism of nitroanisole, aniline, ethoxyresorufin and benzo [a] pyrene was significantly increased, but foetal metabolism of dimethylnitrosamine was not detectable and only marginal increases in the metabolism of aminopyrine and aldrin were seen.
1(0,0,0,1) Details