Protein Information

Name glutathione S transferase
Synonyms GST class alpha 2; Gst2; GST class alpha; GST class alpha member 2; GST gamma; GSTA 2; GSTA2; GSTA2 2…

Compound Information

Name aldrin
CAS

Reference List

PubMed Abstract RScore(About this table)
3687062 Reidy GF, Rose HA, Stacey NH: Effects of picloram on xenobiotic biotransformation in rat liver. . Xenobiotica. 1987 Sep;17(9):1057-66.

Treatment with picloram had little effect on epoxide hydratase and glutathione S-transferase activity, but caused a dose-dependent increase in ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase activity and a concomitant decrease in aldrin epoxidase activity in male rats. 3.
6(0,0,1,1) Details
3629631 Reidy GF, Rose HA, Stacey NH: Effect of length of exposure to malathion on xenobiotic biotransformation in male rat liver. Toxicol Lett. 1987 Sep;38(1-2):193-9.

Groups of rats dosed i.p. daily for 1 or 2 weeks with 40 or 200 mg/kg malathion showed an increase in epoxide hydrolase activity (1 week, 200 mg/kg) and glutathione S-transferase activity (1 week, 200 mg/kg; 2 weeks 40 and 200 mg/kg).
Aldrin epoxidation was decreased after 1 week of exposure to 200 mg/kg and by both dosage regimens after 2 weeks.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
2618080 Wu K, Leslie CL, Stacey NH: Effects of mutagenic and non-mutagenic aniline derivatives on rat liver drug-metabolizing enzymes. Xenobiotica. 1989 Nov;19(11):1275-83.

Treatment with MOCA or MDA but not Dapsone caused a dose-dependent increase in ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase activity and a concomitant decrease in aldrin epoxidase activity in male rats. 3.
Treatment with MOCA or MDA resulted in dose-dependent increases in ethoxycoumarin O-deethylation and epoxide hydrolation, while only MOCA induced cytosolic glutathione S-transferase activity. 4.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
8471063 Borlakoglu JT, Scott A, Henderson CJ, Jenke HJ, Wolf CR: Transplacental transfer of polychlorinated biphenyls induces simultaneously the expression of P450 isoenzymes and the protooncogenes c-Ha-ras and c-raf. Biochem Pharmacol. 1993 Apr 6;45(7):1373-86.

Concomitantly, the metabolism of nitroanisole, aniline, ethoxyresorufin and benzo [a] pyrene was significantly increased, but foetal metabolism of dimethylnitrosamine was not detectable and only marginal increases in the metabolism of aminopyrine and aldrin were seen.
Further measurements show significant increases in foetal and maternal epoxide hydrolase, glutathione-S-transferase and UDP-glucuronyl transferase activities, thus suggesting that treatment with Aroclor 1254 resulted in coordinated increases in foetal and maternal oxidative and post-oxidative drug metabolism.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
8288035 Borlakoglu JT, Scott A, Henderson CJ, Wolf CR: Expression of P450 isoenzymes during rat liver organogenesis. Int J Biochem. 1993 Nov;25(11):1659-68.

Monooxygenase activities were not measurable at day 10 of gestation, but shortly before birth (day 20 of gestation) and thereafter a surge in monooxygenase activities was observed using ethoxyresorufin, aniline, nitroanisole, aminopyrine, dimethylnitrosamine and aldrin as substrates. 3.
In contrast, as early as day 10 of gestation, post oxidative drug metabolism was measurable, when assessed for reactions catalysed by UDP-glucuronyltransferase, glutathione S-transferase and epoxide hydrolase. 4.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
3927658 Schoket B, Vincze I: Induction of rat hepatic drug metabolizing enzymes by substituted urea herbicides. Acta Pharmacol Toxicol. 1985 Apr;56(4):283-8.

Aldrin epoxidase activities were increased up to 3-fold, and aminopyrine N-demethylase activities were only slightly different from the control level.
UDP-glucuronyltransferase and glutathione S-transferase activities were enhanced up to 2-fold.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
3103340 Trela BA, Carlson GP: Effect of flavanone on mixed-function oxidase and conjugation reactions in rats. Xenobiotica. 1987 Jan;17(1):11-6.

Flavanone administered to female Fischer 344 rats (1.00 mmol/kg per day for seven days) did not induce ethylmorphine demethylation, aniline hydroxylation, hexobarbital oxidation or aldrin epoxidation.
Flavanone at 0.05 mmol/kg per day for seven days increased glutathione-S-transferase activity with 1,2-dichloro-4-nitrobenzene and 1,2-epoxy-3-(p-nitrophenoxy) propane as substrates.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
2253519 Wu K: [Comparative ability of three aniline derivatives to alter biotransformation enzymes in rat liver]. Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi. 1990 May;24(3):139-42.

Treatment with MOCA and MDA caused a dose dependent increase in ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase activity and concomitant decrease in aldrin epoxidase activity.
Treatment with MOCA and MDA also resulted in increases in ethoxycoumarin O-deethylation and epoxide hydrolation while only MOCA induced cytosolic glutathione S-transferase activity.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
3934854 Krupski G, Kiefer F, Wiebel FJ: Variability in the expression of xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes during the growth cycle of rat hepatoma cells. Xenobiotica. 1985 Aug-Sep;15(8-9):781-7.

Cytochrome P-450-dependent aldrin epoxidase activity showed a peak on day 3 after plating of cells and decreased by more than 90% during the following six days.
Glutathione S-transferase and UDP-glucuronosyl transferase with 4-hydroxybiphenyl as substrate also showed decreases in their activities towards the later phase of the growth cycle, although to lesser extents than the mono-oxygenase.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
2104995 Schoket B, Vincze I: Dose-related induction of rat hepatic drug-metabolizing enzymes by diuron and chlorotoluron, two substituted phenylurea herbicides. Toxicol Lett. 1990 Jan;50(1):1-7.


Induction of epoxide hydrolase, UDP-glucuronyltransferase and glutathione S-transferases also shows saturation curves in the function of molar doses.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
8347134 Borlakoglu JT, Scott A, Henderson CJ, Wolf CR: Alterations in rat hepatic drug metabolism during pregnancy and lactation. Biochem Pharmacol. 1993 Jul 6;46(1):29-36.

Within this time period the N-demethylation of aminopyrine, the rate of aldrin epoxidation and the N-demethylation of demethylnitrosamine was reduced by 53, 74 and 21%, respectively.
Furthermore, the activities of UDP-glucuronyltransferase and glutathione S-transferase were increased by 21 and 27%, but those of epoxide hydrolase were reduced by 85%.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
2418542 Trela BA, Carlson GP, Chadwick RW, Copeland MF: Comparison of in vivo and in vitro methods for assessing effects of allyl alcohol on the liver. Toxicol Lett. 1985 Dec;29(2-3):77-84.

Aldrin epoxidation was slightly elevated.
Naphthol glucuronidation and glutathione-S-transferase activity with 1,2-dichloro-4-nitrobenzene were increased.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
3190755 Leslie C, Reidy GF, Stacey NH: The effects of propiconazole on hepatic xenobiotic biotransformation in the rat. Biochem Pharmacol. 1988 Nov 1;37(21):4177-81.

Induction was seen for cytochrome P-450, ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase, ethoxycoumarin-O-deethylase, aldrin epoxidase, aminopyrine N-demethylase and microsomal expoxide hydrolase activities.
Aniline p-hydroxylase and cytosolic glutathione S-transferase activities were unchanged.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
15091667 Bernhoft A, Hektoen H, Skaare JU, Ingebrigtsen K: Tissue distribution and effects on hepatic xenobiotic metabolising enzymes of 2,3,3',4,4'-pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB-105) in COD (Gadus morhua) and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Environ Pollut. 1994;85(3):351-9.

The fish were killed 9 and 17 days after the first treatment, and the effects of PCB-105 on hepatic xenobiotic metabolising enzymes were determined by examining the cytochrome-P450-dependent ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) and aldrin epoxidase activities, and the EROD-catalysing P450 1A1 protein by indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).
Glutathione S-transferase activity towards 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene was included.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
1375920 Foster JR, Green T, Smith LL, Lewis RW, Hext PM, Wyatt I: Methylene chloride--an inhalation study to investigate pathological and biochemical events occurring in the lungs of mice over an exposure period of 90 days. Fundam Appl Toxicol. 1992 Apr;18(3):376-88.

The appearance and disappearance of the lesion in the Clara cell correlated well with the activity of cytochrome P450 monooxygenase in the Clara cell as assessed immunocytochemically (cytochromes P450IIB 1 and 2) in the whole lung and biochemically in the freshly isolated Clara cell (determined by ethoxycoumarin O-dealkylation and aldrin epoxidation).
The glutathione S-transferase metabolism of MC by the lung cytosol remained virtually unaltered throughout the study.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
11976062 Valles SM, Woodson WD: Insecticide susceptibility and detoxication enzyme activities among Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki workers sampled from different locations in New Orleans. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol. 2002 Apr;131(4):469-76.


As with the bioassay data, although significant differences were noted, a great deal of overlap was observed among the colonies for total cytochrome P450 content (difference of 2.2-fold between high and low value) aldrin epoxidation (3.6-fold) and cytosolic esterase (3.9-fold) activity.
0(0,0,0,0) Details
3818484 Wisniewski JA, Moody DE, Hammock BD, Shull LR: Interlobular distribution of hepatic xenobiotic-metabolizing enzyme activities in cattle, goats and sheep. J Anim Sci. 1987 Jan;64(1):210-5.


Within individual species, concentrations of cytochrome P-450 and b5 and activities of NADPH cytochrome c reductase, aldrin epoxidase, aminopyrine N-demethylase, ethoxycoumarin O-deethylase, microsomal and cytosolic stilbene oxide (epoxide) hydrolase and glutathione S-transferase were not different (P greater than .05) among the various hepatic lobes.
0(0,0,0,0) Details
3138827 Rogiers V, Vandenberghe Y, Callaerts A, Sonck W, Maes V, Vercruysse A: The inducing and inhibiting effects of sodium valproate in vivo on the biotransformation systems of xenobiotics in isolated rat hepatocytes. Xenobiotica. 1988 Jun;18(6):665-73.

In contrast, valproate administered by osmotic pumps induced 7-ethoxycoumarin-O-deethylase activity, whereas aldrin expoxidase and glutathione S-transferase activities were significantly inhibited.
37(0,1,2,2) Details
3390215 Leslie C, Reidy GF, Murray M, Stacey NH: Induction of xenobiotic biotransformation by the insecticide chlordimeform, a metabolite 4-chloro-o-toluidine and a structurally related chemical o-toluidine. Biochem Pharmacol. 1988 Jul 1;37(13):2529-35.

The metabolite 4-chloro-o-toluidine increased cytochrome P-450, ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase, ethoxycoumarin-O-deethylase, glutathione S-transferase and epoxide hydrolase activities. o-Toluidine induced cytochrome P-450, ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase, ethoxycoumarin-O-deethylase, and aldrin epoxidase activities.
32(0,1,1,2) Details
2242007 Rogiers V, Vandenberghe Y, Callaerts A, Verleye G, Cornet M, Mertens K, Sonck W, Vercruysse A: Phase I and phase II xenobiotic biotransformation in cultures and co-cultures of adult rat hepatocytes. Biochem Pharmacol. 1990 Oct 15;40(8):1701-6.

For phase I, the cytochrome P450 content and the enzymic activities of 7-ethoxycoumarin O-deethylase and aldrin epoxidase have been determined, for phase II glutathione S-transferase activity was measured.
12(0,0,2,2) Details
1502013 Rogiers V, Callaerts A, Vercruysse A, Akrawi M, Shephard E, Phillips I: Effects of valproate on xenobiotic biotransformation in rat liver. Pharm Weekbl Sci. 1992 Jun 19;14(3A):127-31.

In both models the cytochrome P-450 content and the enzymatic activities of 7-ethoxycoumarin O-deethylase, aldrin epoxidase and glutathione S-transferase were determined in valproate-treated hepatocytes, in controls and in phenobarbital-induced cells.
12(0,0,2,2) Details
20050562 Xiao NW, Liu XH, Li W, Ge F: Effect of herbicide acetochlor on cytochrome P450 monooxygenases and GST of earthworms Eisenia fetida. J Environ Sci. 2006;18(1):135-40.

Effects of the acetochlor on cytochrome P450 monooxygenases p-nitroanisole O-demethylase (ODM), aldrin epoxidase (AE) and glutathione-S-transferases (GSTs) activities were determined.
6(0,0,1,1) Details
2619326 Leslie C, Reidy GF, Stacey NH: Effect of ofurace, oxadixyl, and alachlor on xenobiotic biotransformation in the rat liver. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol. 1989 Nov;18(6):876-80.

Glutathione S-transferase and aminopyrine N-demethylase activities responded in a non dose-dependent manner, while cytochrome P-450 content and aldrin epoxidase activities were unchanged.
6(0,0,1,1) Details
15167984 Perrone CE, Ahr HJ, Duan JD, Jeffrey AM, Schmidt U, Williams GM, Enzmann HH: Embryonic turkey liver: activities of biotransformation enzymes and activation of DNA-reactive carcinogens. Arch Toxicol. 2004 Oct;78(10):589-98. Epub 2004 May 28.

Biochemical analyses of 22-day in ovo turkey liver post-mitochondrial fractions revealed activities of the biotransformation enzymes 7-ethoxycoumarin de-ethylase (ECOD), 7-ethoxyresorufin de-ethylase (EROD), aldrin epoxidase (ALD), epoxide hydrolase (EH), glutathione S-transferase (GST), and UDP-glucuronyltransferase (GLUT).
6(0,0,1,1) Details
9137805 Rogiers V, Vandenberghe Y, Vanhaecke T, Geerts A, Callaerts A, Carleer J, Roba J, Vercruysse A: Observation of hepatotoxic effects of 2-n-pentylaminoacetamide (Milacemide) in rat liver by a combined in vivo/in vitro approach. Arch Toxicol. 1997;71(5):271-82.

The xenobiotic biotransformation capacity of the isolated hepatocytes was studied by measuring the cytochrome P450 content, ethoxycoumarin-O-deethylase (ECOD), pentoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (PROD), ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD), aldrin epoxidase (AE), epoxide hydrolase (EH) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) enzyme activities.
6(0,0,1,1) Details
9928623 Bomhard EM, Schmidt U, Loser E: Time course of enzyme induction in liver and kidneys and absorption, distribution and elimination of 1,4-dichlorobenzene in rats. Toxicology. 1998 Nov 16;131(2-3):73-91.

The monoxygenases 7-ethoxycoumarin O-deethylase (ECOD), 7-ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase (EROD) and aldrin epoxidase (ALD) as well as the phase II enzymes; epoxide hydrolase (EH), glutathione S-transferase (GS-T) and glucuronyl transferase (GLU-T) were dose-dependently induced in the liver of males and females.
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