Protein Information

Name PPARgamma
Synonyms HUMPPARG; PAX8/PPARG fusion gene; NR1C3; PPAR gamma; PPAR gamma2; PPARG; PPARG 1; PPARG 2…

Compound Information

Name ACC
CAS 1-aminocyclopropanecarboxylic acid

Reference List

PubMed Abstract RScore(About this table)
20106991 Little JP, Safdar A, Cermak N, Tarnopolsky MA, Gibala MJ: Acute endurance exercise increases the nuclear abundance of PGC-1alpha in trained human skeletal muscle. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2010 Apr;298(4):R912-7. Epub 2010 Jan 27.


Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator (PGC-1alpha) is a transcriptional coactivator that plays a key role in coordinating mitochondrial biogenesis.
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17960559 Fediuc S, Pimenta AS, Gaidhu MP, Ceddia RB: Activation of AMP-activated protein kinase, inhibition of pyruvate dehydrogenase activity, and redistribution of substrate partitioning mediate the acute insulin-sensitizing effects of troglitazone in skeletal muscle cells. J Cell Physiol. 2008 May;215(2):392-400.


These effects seem to be at least partially dependent on AMPK activation and may account for potential acute PPAR-gamma-independent anti-diabetic effects of thiazolidinediones in skeletal muscle.
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19932008 Kim EJ, Jin XJ, Kim YK, Oh IK, Kim JE, Park CH, Chung JH: UV decreases the synthesis of free fatty acids and triglycerides in the epidermis of human skin in vivo, contributing to development of skin photoaging. J Dermatol Sci. 2010 Jan;57(1):19-26. Epub 2009 Nov 20.


The expressions of genes related to lipid synthesis, including acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), fatty acid synthase (FAS), stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD), sterol regulatory element binding proteins (SREBPs), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARgamma) were also markedly decreased.
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18669938 Branvold DJ, Allred DR, Beckstead DJ, Kim HJ, Fillmore N, Condon BM, Brown JD, Sudweeks SN, Thomson DM, Winder WW: Thyroid hormone effects on LKB1, MO25, phospho-AMPK, phospho-CREB, and PGC-1alpha in rat muscle. J Appl Physiol. 2008 Oct;105(4):1218-27. Epub 2008 Jul 31.


Four proteins having CREB response elements (CRE) in promoter regions of their genes (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator-1alpha, uncoupling protein 3, cytochrome c, and hexokinase II) were all increased in soleus in response to thyroid hormones.
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18657264 Saez ME, Grilo A, Moron FJ, Manzano L, Martinez-Larrad MT, Gonzalez-Perez A, Serrano-Hernando J, Ruiz A, Ramirez-Lorca R, Serrano-Rios M: Interaction between Calpain 5, Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma and Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-delta genes: a polygenic approach to obesity. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2008 Jul 25;7:23.

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19255584 Carmona MC, Amigo M, Barcelo-Batllori S, Julia M, Esteban Y, Moreno S, Gomis R: Dual effects of sodium tungstate on adipocyte biology: inhibition of adipogenesis and stimulation of cellular oxygen consumption. Int J Obes. 2009 May;33(5):534-40. Epub 2009 Mar 3.


Expression of key genes for adipocyte function (aP2, ACC, fatty acid synthase (FAS) and lipoprotein lipase (LPL)) and differentiation (CCAAT enhancer-binding protein (C/EBP) alpha and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma)) was reduced by sodium tungstate, whereas C/EBPbeta isoform LIP expression level was increased.
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20019905 Somm E, Schwitzgebel VM, Toulotte A, Cederroth CR, Combescure C, Nef S, Aubert ML, Huppi PS: Perinatal exposure to bisphenol a alters early adipogenesis in the rat. Environ Health Perspect. 2009 Oct;117(10):1549-55. Epub 2009 Jun 29.


This excess of pWAT was associated with adipocyte hypertrophy and overexpression of lipogenic genes such as C/EBP-alpha (CAAT enhancer binding protein alpha), PPAR-gamma (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma), SREBP-1C (sterol regulatory element binding protein-1C), LPL (lipoprotein lipase), FAS (fatty acid synthase), and SCD-1 (stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1).
1(0,0,0,1) Details
19444921 Kim MJ, Kim HK: Perilla leaf extract ameliorates obesity and dyslipidemia induced by high-fat diet. Phytother Res. 2009 Dec;23(12):1685-90.


Furthermore, PLE reversed the HFD induced changes in the expression patterns of epididymal adipose tissue genes: acetyl CoA carboxylase (ACC), glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma).
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19067076 Kim MJ, Chang UJ, Lee JS: Inhibitory effects of Fucoidan in 3T3-L1 adipocyte differentiation. Mar Biotechnol. 2009 Sep-Oct;11(5):557-62. Epub 2008 Dec 10.

Treating the 3T3-L1 cells with 100 and 200 microg/ml fucoidan significantly decreased the expression of aP2 gene by 6.2% and 27.2%, respectively, of ACC gene by 22.2% and 38.2%, respectively, and of PPARgamma gene by 44.2% and 69.4%, respectively, compared to adipocyte controls (P < 0.05).
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19244582 Chan LL, Sebert SP, Hyatt MA, Stephenson T, Budge H, Symonds ME, Gardner DS: Effect of maternal nutrient restriction from early to midgestation on cardiac function and metabolism after adolescent-onset obesity. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2009 May;296(5):R1455-63. Epub 2009 Feb 25.


At approximately 1 yr of age, the hemodynamic response of these offspring to hypotension, together with left ventricular expression profiles of fatty acid-binding protein 3 (FABP3), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARgamma) and its coactivator (PGC)-1alpha, acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-alpha (2), and voltage-dependent anion channel 1 (VDAC1), was determined.
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20154153 Lengi AJ, Corl BA: Factors influencing the differentiation of bovine preadipocytes in vitro. J Anim Sci. 2010 Feb 12.


Differentiation was assessed by measuring radiolabeled acetate incorporation into lipids, glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (G3PDH) activity, and the mRNA expression of fatty acid binding protein-4 (aP2), PPAR-gamma, and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC)- alpha.
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17671740 Kohjima M, Enjoji M, Higuchi N, Kato M, Kotoh K, Yoshimoto T, Fujino T, Yada M, Yada R, Harada N, Takayanagi R, Nakamuta M: Re-evaluation of fatty acid metabolism-related gene expression in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Int J Mol Med. 2007 Sep;20(3):351-8.


The target genes for real-time PCR analysis were as follows: acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) 1, ACC2, fatty acid synthase (FAS), sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c (SREBP-1c), and adipose differentiation-related protein (ADRP) for evaluation of de novo synthesis and uptake of fatty acids; carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1a; (CPT1a), long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (LCAD), long-chain L-3-hydroxyacylcoenzyme A dehydrogenase alpha (HADHalpha), uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2), straight-chain acyl-CoA oxidase (ACOX), branched-chain acyl-CoA oxidase (BOX), cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1), CYP4A11, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) alpha for oxidation in the mitochondria, peroxisomes and microsomes; superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, and glutathione synthetase (GSS) for antioxidant pathways; and diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 1 (DGAT1), PPARgamma, and hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) for triglyceride synthesis and catalysis.
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19169664 Coletta DK, Sriwijitkamol A, Wajcberg E, Tantiwong P, Li M, Prentki M, Madiraju M, Jenkinson CP, Cersosimo E, Musi N, Defronzo RA: Pioglitazone stimulates AMP-activated protein kinase signalling and increases the expression of genes involved in adiponectin signalling, mitochondrial function and fat oxidation in human skeletal muscle in vivo: a randomised trial. Diabetologia. 2009 Apr;52(4):723-32. Epub 2009 Jan 24.


Pioglitazone increased mRNA levels for adiponectin receptor 1 and 2 genes (ADIPOR1, ADIPOR2), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma, coactivator 1 gene (PPARGC1) and multiple genes involved in mitochondrial function and fat oxidation.
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20205889 Zhao S, Wang J, Song X, Zhang X, Ge C, Gao S: Impact of dietary protein on lipid metabolism-related gene expression in porcine adipose tissue. Nutr Metab. 2010 Jan 21;7:6.


HP promoted gene and protein expression and enzyme activities of lipoprotein lipase (LPL), carmitine palmtoyltransferase-1B (CPT-1B), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) and adipocyte-fatty acid binding proteins (A-FABP) at 60 kg, but reduced their expression at 100 kg.Gene expression and enzyme activity of hormone sensitive lipase (HSL) was reduced markedly at 60 kg but increased at 100 kg by the high dietary protein.
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17855643 Kume S, Uzu T, Araki S, Sugimoto T, Isshiki K, Chin-Kanasaki M, Sakaguchi M, Kubota N, Terauchi Y, Kadowaki T, Haneda M, Kashiwagi A, Koya D: Role of altered renal lipid metabolism in the development of renal injury induced by a high-fat diet. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2007 Oct;18(10):2715-23. Epub 2007 Sep 12.


We fed wild-type or insulin-sensitive heterozygous peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma-deficient (PPARgamma (+/-)) mice a high-fat diet for 16 weeks.
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19932867 Chen N, Bezzina R, Hinch E, Lewandowski PA, Cameron-Smith D, Mathai ML, Jois M, Sinclair AJ, Begg DP, Wark JD, Weisinger HS, Weisinger RS: Green tea, black tea, and epigallocatechin modify body composition, improve glucose tolerance, and differentially alter metabolic gene expression in rats fed a high-fat diet. Nutr Res. 2009 Nov;29(11):784-93.


In perirenal fat, genes that mediate adipocyte differentiation were suppressed by GT (Pref-1, C/EBP-beta, and PPAR-gamma) and BT (C/EBP-beta), while decreasing LPL, HSL, and UCP-2 expression; EGCG increased expression of UCP-2 and PPAR-gamma genes.
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18850226 Lee MS, Kwun IS, Kim Y: Eicosapentaenoic acid increases lipolysis through up-regulation of the lipolytic gene expression and down-regulation of the adipogenic gene expression in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Genes Nutr. 2008 Feb;2(4):327-30.


However, the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), which are involved in adipogenesis, was significantly down-regulated by EPA (P < 0.05).
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20057367 Anavi S, Ilan E, Tirosh O, Madar Z: Infusion of a Lipid Emulsion Modulates AMPK and Related Proteins in Rat Liver, Muscle, and Adipose Tissues. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2010 Jan 7.


Muscle ACCbeta, and adiponectin receptor 1 (AdipoR1) mRNA levels and PPARgamma-co-activator 1alpha (PGC1alpha) protein levels were also increased in LE-treated rats.
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18761357 Rodriguez A, Catalan V, Becerril S, Gil MJ, Mugueta C, Gomez-Ambrosi J, Fruhbeck G: Impaired adiponectin-AMPK signalling in insulin-sensitive tissues of hypertensive rats. Life Sci. 2008 Oct 10;83(15-16):540-9. Epub 2008 Aug 14.


Adiponectin mRNA levels were strongly associated with PPARgamma mRNA levels in both epididymal (r=0.54, P <0.05) and subcutaneous (r=0.93, P <0.0001) fat.
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18670617 Cantini G, Lombardi A, Piscitelli E, Poli G, Ceni E, Marchiani S, Ercolino T, Galli A, Serio M, Mannelli M, Luconi M: Rosiglitazone inhibits adrenocortical cancer cell proliferation by interfering with the IGF-IR intracellular signaling. PPAR Res. 2008;2008:904041. Epub 2008 Jul 28.


Rosiglitazone (RGZ), a thiazolidinedione ligand of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-gamma, has been recently described as possessing antitumoral properties.
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