Protein Information

Name biotin carboxylase
Synonyms 3 Methylcrotonyl CoA carboxylase 2; Biotin carboxylase; 3 Methylcrotonyl CoA carboxylase non biotin containing subunit; 3 Methylcrotonyl Coenzyme A carboxylase 2; 3 Methylcrotonyl Coenzyme A carboxylase non biotin containing subunit; MCCB; MCCC 2; MCCC2…

Compound Information

Name ACC
CAS 1-aminocyclopropanecarboxylic acid

Reference List

PubMed Abstract RScore(About this table)
17642515 Kondo S, Nakajima Y, Sugio S, Sueda S, Islam MN, Kondo H: Structure of the biotin carboxylase domain of pyruvate carboxylase from Bacillus thermodenitrificans. Acta Crystallogr D Biol Crystallogr. 2007 Aug;63(Pt 8):885-90. Epub 2007 Jul 17.

2(0,0,0,2) Details
18221116 Corbett JW, Harwood JH Jr: Inhibitors of mammalian acetyl-CoA carboxylase. Recent Pat Cardiovasc Drug Discov. 2007 Nov;2(3):162-80.


Co-crystallization of the biotin carboxylase and carboxyltransferase domains of eukaryotic ACC in the presence of substrates and inhibitors has revealed characteristics of the catalytic center that can be exploited in drug discovery.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
18247344 Lee CK, Cheong HK, Ryu KS, Lee JI, Lee W, Jeon YH, Cheong C: Biotinoyl domain of human acetyl-CoA carboxylase: Structural insights into the carboxyl transfer mechanism. Proteins. 2008 Aug;72(2):613-24.


In ACC, the biotinoyl domain performs a critical function by transferring an activated carboxyl group from the biotin carboxylase domain to the carboxyl transferase domain, followed by carboxyl transfer to malonyl-CoA.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
19900410 Cho YS, Lee JI, Shin D, Kim HT, Jung HY, Lee TG, Kang LW, Ahn YJ, Cho HS, Heo YS: Molecular mechanism for the regulation of human ACC2 through phosphorylation by AMPK. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2010 Jan 1;391(1):187-92. Epub 2009 Nov 10.


Here, we report the crystal structures of the biotin carboxylase (BC) domain of human ACC2 phosphorylated by AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK).
1(0,0,0,1) Details
19263251 Ruenwai R, Cheevadhanarak S, Laoteng K: Overexpression of acetyl-CoA carboxylase gene of Mucor rouxii enhanced fatty acid content in Hansenula polymorpha. Mol Biotechnol. 2009 Jul;42(3):327-32. Epub 2009 Mar 5.


According to the amino acid sequence homology and the conserved structural organization of the biotin carboxylase, biotin carboxyl carrier protein, and carboxyl transferase domains, the cloned gene was characterized as a multi-domain ACC1 protein.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
19236960 Kaushik VK, Kavana M, Volz JM, Weldon SC, Hanrahan S, Xu J, Caplan SL, Hubbard BK: Characterization of recombinant human acetyl-CoA carboxylase-2 steady-state kinetics. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2009 Jun;1794(6):961-7. Epub 2009 Feb 21.


Product inhibition studies support the notion that the enzyme proceeds through a hybrid (two-site) random Ter Ter mechanism, one that likely involves a two-step reaction at the biotin carboxylase domain.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
19359168 Raymer B, Kavana M, Price A, Wang B, Corcoran L, Kulathila R, Groarke J, Mann T: Synthesis and characterization of a BODIPY-labeled derivative of Soraphen A that binds to acetyl-CoA carboxylase. Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2009 May 15;19(10):2804-7. Epub 2009 Mar 26.

The fluorescent label of the BODIPY can be used to biophysically identify a compound that binds to the Soraphen A site of the biotin carboxylase domain versus the carboxytransferase domain of ACC.
32(0,1,1,2) Details