Protein Information

Name insulin receptor
Synonyms CD220; CD220 antigen; HHF 5; HHF5; INSR; INSR protein; IR; Insulin receptor…

Compound Information

Name ACC
CAS 1-aminocyclopropanecarboxylic acid

Reference List

PubMed Abstract RScore(About this table)
18485240 Germani D, Puglianiello A, Cianfarani S: Uteroplacental insufficiency down regulates insulin receptor and affects expression of key enzymes of long-chain fatty acid (LCFA) metabolism in skeletal muscle at birth. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2008 May 18;7:14.

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18469022 Stoppa GR, Cesquini M, Roman EA, Prada PO, Torsoni AS, Romanatto T, Saad MJ, Velloso LA, Torsoni MA: Intracerebroventricular injection of citrate inhibits hypothalamic AMPK and modulates feeding behavior and peripheral insulin signaling. J Endocrinol. 2008 Jul;198(1):157-68. Epub 2008 May 9.


Concordantly, insulin receptor (IR), IR substrate type 1 (IRS1), IRS2, and protein kinase B (AKT) phosphorylation in adipose tissue and skeletal muscle was improved by citrate ICV treatment.
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19158325 Berggreen C, Gormand A, Omar B, Degerman E, Goransson O: Protein kinase B activity is required for the effects of insulin on lipid metabolism in adipocytes. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2009 Apr;296(4):E635-46. Epub 2009 Jan 21.


Pretreatment of primary rat and 3T3L1 adipocytes with Akti resulted in dose-dependent inhibition of PKB phosphorylation and activation in response to insulin, without affecting upstream insulin signaling [insulin receptor (IR), insulin receptor substrate (IRS)] or the insulin-induced phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)-dependent activation of the ERK/p90 ribosomal kinase (RSK) pathway.
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18070748 Moon HS, Chung CS, Lee HG, Kim TG, Choi YJ, Cho CS: Inhibitory effect of (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate on lipid accumulation of 3T3-L1 cells. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2007 Nov;15(11):2571-82.


Western blot analysis was used to detect adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation and phosphorylation of its substrate, acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), and expression of insulin (INS) receptor, INS receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1), and adipocyte marker proteins.
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