Protein Information

Name DR5
Synonyms Cell surface glycoprotein; MHC class I antigen; MHC class II antigen; DR5; Leucocyte antigen B; DR 5; DRB 1; DRB1…

Compound Information

Name IAA
CAS

Reference List

PubMed Abstract RScore(About this table)
18573919 Makinen A, Harkonen T, Ilonen J, Knip M: Characterization of the humoral immune response to islet antigen 2 in children with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes. Eur J Endocrinol. 2008 Jul;159(1):19-26.


Islet cell antibodies, IAA, GADA, total IA-2A levels, IA-2/IA-2beta epitopes, and isotypes were measured, and human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genotypes were analyzed.
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19682283 Sazuka T, Kamiya N, Nishimura T, Ohmae K, Sato Y, Imamura K, Nagato Y, Koshiba T, Nagamura Y, Ashikari M, Kitano H, Matsuoka M: A rice tryptophan deficient dwarf mutant, tdd1, contains a reduced level of indole acetic acid and develops abnormal flowers and organless embryos. Plant J. 2009 Oct;60(2):227-41. Epub 2009 Jun 15.


TDD1-uidA and DR5-uidA expression overlapped at many sites in WT plants but was lacking in tdd1, indicating that TDD1 is involved in auxin biosynthesis.
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16230330 Yoshida S, Kuriyama H, Fukuda H: Inhibition of transdifferentiation into tracheary elements by polar auxin transport inhibitors through intracellular auxin depletion. Plant Cell Physiol. 2005 Dec;46(12):2019-28. Epub 2005 Oct 17.


The decreased auxin activity in NPA-treated cells was confirmed by the fact that the DR5 (a synthetic auxin-inducible promoter)-mediated expression of a reporter protein was suppressed in such cells.
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12114788 Kloppel G, Clemens A: Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus: Islet Changes in Relation to Etiology and Pathogenesis. Endocr Pathol. 1997 Winter;8(4):273-282.


An important factor appears to be a genetic predisposition (human leukocyte antigen [HLA] DR3/DR4/DQ8) in connection with as-yet-unknown environmental factors (e.g., viruses).
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16367964 Nakamura A, Nakajima N, Goda H, Shimada Y, Hayashi K, Nozaki H, Asami T, Yoshida S, Fujioka S: Arabidopsis Aux/IAA genes are involved in brassinosteroid-mediated growth responses in a manner dependent on organ type. Plant J. 2006 Jan;45(2):193-205.


An inhibitor of BR biosynthesis, brassinazole, inhibited auxin induction of the DR5-GUS gene, which consists of a synthetic auxin-response element, a minimum promoter, and a beta-glucuronidase.
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12364437 Kimpimaki T, Kulmala P, Savola K, Kupila A, Korhonen S, Simell T, Ilonen J, Simell O, Knip M: Natural history of beta-cell autoimmunity in young children with increased genetic susceptibility to type 1 diabetes recruited from the general population. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2002 Oct;87(10):4572-9.


Of 12,170 newborn infants, 1,005 with increased genetic risk of type 1 diabetes (high risk, human leukocyte antigen DQB1*02/*0302; moderate risk, DQB1*0302/x, where x = other than *02, *0301, or *0602) were monitored for ICA, IAA, GADA, and IA-2A at 3- to 6-month intervals from birth up to a minimum age of 2 yr.
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17220367 Yamamoto Y, Kamiya N, Morinaka Y, Matsuoka M, Sazuka T: Auxin biosynthesis by the YUCCA genes in rice. Plant Physiol. 2007 Mar;143(3):1362-71. Epub 2007 Jan 12.


OsYUCCA1 was expressed in almost all of the organs tested, but its expression was restricted to discrete areas, including the tips of leaves, roots, and vascular tissues, where it overlapped with expression of a beta-glucuronidase reporter gene controlled by the auxin-responsive DR5 promoter.
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19903871 Strader LC, Beisner ER, Bartel B: Silver ions increase auxin efflux independently of effects on ethylene response. Plant Cell. 2009 Nov;21(11):3585-90. Epub 2009 Nov 10.


We found that although AgNO (3) dramatically decreased root indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) responsiveness in inhibition of root elongation, promotion of DR5-beta-glucuronidase activity, and reduction of Aux/IAA protein levels, AVG had more mild effects.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
9401121 Ulmasov T, Murfett J, Hagen G, Guilfoyle TJ: Aux/IAA proteins repress expression of reporter genes containing natural and highly active synthetic auxin response elements. Plant Cell. 1997 Nov;9(11):1963-71.


A highly active synthetic auxin response element (AuxRE), referred to as DR5, was created by performing site-directed mutations in a natural composite AuxRE found in the soybean GH3 promoter.
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14605219 Nakamura A, Higuchi K, Goda H, Fujiwara MT, Sawa S, Koshiba T, Shimada Y, Yoshida S: Brassinolide induces IAA5, IAA19, and DR5, a synthetic auxin response element in Arabidopsis, implying a cross talk point of brassinosteroid and auxin signaling. Plant Physiol. 2003 Dec;133(4):1843-53. Epub 2003 Nov 6.

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10720050 Kimpimaki T, Kulmala P, Savola K, Vahasalo P, Reijonen H, Ilonen J, Akerblom HK, Knip M: Disease-associated autoantibodies as surrogate markers of type 1 diabetes in young children at increased genetic risk. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2000 Mar;85(3):1126-32.


In the group of 82 siblings with increased human leukocyte antigen-defined genetic susceptibility [DQB1*02/*0302, *0302/x (x = other than *02 or a protective allele), *02/y (y = other than *0302 or a protective allele)], 18 (22.0%) tested positive for ICA in their first antibody-positive sample, 10 (12.2%) tested positive for IAA, 14 (17.1%) tested positive for GADA, and 12 (14.6%) tested positive for IA-2A.
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10720072 Greenbaum CJ, Schatz DA, Cuthbertson D, Zeidler A, Eisenbarth GS, Krischer JP: Islet cell antibody-positive relatives with human leukocyte antigen DQA1*0102, DQB1*0602: identification by the Diabetes Prevention Trial-type 1. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2000 Mar;85(3):1255-60.

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15872335 Kukko M, Kimpimaki T, Korhonen S, Kupila A, Simell S, Veijola R, Simell T, Ilonen J, Simell O, Knip M: Dynamics of diabetes-associated autoantibodies in young children with human leukocyte antigen-conferred risk of type 1 diabetes recruited from the general population. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2005 May;90(5):2712-7. Epub 2005 Feb 15.

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11994372 Schlosser M, Strebelow M, Wassmuth R, Arnold ML, Breunig I, Rjasanowski I, Ziegler B, Ziegler M: The Karlsburg type 1 diabetes risk study of a normal schoolchild population: association of beta-cell autoantibodies and human leukocyte antigen-DQB1 alleles in antibody-positive individuals. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2002 May;87(5):2254-61.

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18363780 Negi S, Ivanchenko MG, Muday GK: Ethylene regulates lateral root formation and auxin transport in Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant J. 2008 Jul;55(2):175-87. Epub 2008 Mar 19.


DR5-GUS reporter expression is also altered by ACC treatment, which is consistent with transport differences.
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17692850 Scherer GF, Zahn M, Callis J, Jones AM: A role for phospholipase A in auxin-regulated gene expression. FEBS Lett. 2007 Sep 4;581(22):4205-11. Epub 2007 Aug 3.


To identify the mode of action, rapid auxin-regulated gene expression was tested for sensitivity to these PLA (2) inhibitors using seedlings expressing beta-glucuronidase (GUS) under the control of the synthetic auxin-responsive promoter DR5.
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11134089 Gylling M, Tuomi T, Bjorses P, Kontiainen S, Partanen J, Christie MR, Knip M, Perheentupa J, Miettinen A: ss-cell autoantibodies, human leukocyte antigen II alleles, and type 1 diabetes in autoimmune polyendocrinopathy-candidiasis-ectodermal dystrophy. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2000 Dec;85(12):4434-40.


Data for human leukocyte antigen haplotypes were available for 59 of the patients, including 11 diabetics, and for 8 additional nondiabetic Finnish patients.
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12947264 Haug ES, Skomsvoll JF, Jacobsen G, Halvorsen TB, Saether OD, Myhre HO: Inflammatory aortic aneurysm is associated with increased incidence of autoimmune disease. J Vasc Surg. 2003 Sep;38(3):492-7.


This is in accordance with other reports that showed a genetic risk determinant mapped to the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) molecule in these patients.
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19034497 Song Y, Wang L, Xiong L: Comprehensive expression profiling analysis of OsIAA gene family in developmental processes and in response to phytohormone and stress treatments. Planta. 2009 Feb;229(3):577-91. Epub 2008 Nov 26.

The expression levels of the IAA gene family were also checked under various hormone treatments including abscisic acid, kinetin, gibberellin, jasmonic acid, auxin and brassinolide.
The effect of abiotic stress on plant growth and auxin distribution was further confirmed with the root growth of DR5-GUS transgenic rice under mannitol treatment, in which a close association between mannitol-induced changes of auxin distribution and root growth was observed.
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17919266 Wang JP, Zhou ZG, Lin J, Huang G, Zhang C, Yang L, Yuan Y, Zhou HF, Zhou M, Hou C, Zhou WD, Peng H, Hagopian WA: Islet autoantibodies are associated with HLA-DQ genotypes in Han Chinese patients with type 1 diabetes and their relatives. Tissue Antigens. 2007 Nov;70(5):369-75.


The objective of this study was to explore the relationship between islet autoantibodies of glutamic acid decarboxylase (GADA), islet antigen-2A (IA-2A), insulin autoantibody (IAA), and human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DQ genotypes in type 1 diabetes (T1D) patients and their first-degree relatives (FDRs).
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11600541 Kimpimaki T, Kupila A, Hamalainen AM, Kukko M, Kulmala P, Savola K, Simell T, Keskinen P, Ilonen J, Simell O, Knip M: The first signs of beta-cell autoimmunity appear in infancy in genetically susceptible children from the general population: the Finnish Type 1 Diabetes Prediction and Prevention Study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2001 Oct;86(10):4782-8.


These observations suggest that young children in the general population with a strong human-leukocyte-antigen-DQ-defined genetic risk of type 1 diabetes show signs of beta-cell autoimmunity proportionally more often than those with a moderate genetic risk.
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19458116 Staswick PE: The tryptophan conjugates of jasmonic and indole-3-acetic acids are endogenous auxin inhibitors. Plant Physiol. 2009 Jul;150(3):1310-21. Epub 2009 May 20.


Trp conjugates inhibited IAA-stimulated lateral root production and DR5-beta-glucuronidase gene expression.
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16786302 Feng XL, Ni WM, Elge S, Mueller-Roeber B, Xu ZH, Xue HW: Auxin flow in anther filaments is critical for pollen grain development through regulating pollen mitosis. Plant Mol Biol. 2006 May;61(1-2):215-26.


We have shown here that, through analyzing GUS activities of Arabidopsis lines harboring auxin response elements DR5-GUS, auxin was mainly accumulated in the anther during flower stages 10-12.
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17130560 Gupta M, Graham J, McNeeny B, Zarghami M, Landin-Olsson M, Hagopian WA, Palmer J, Lernmark A, Sanjeevi CB: MHC class I chain-related gene-A is associated with IA2 and IAA but not GAD in Swedish type 1 diabetes mellitus. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2006 Oct;1079:229-39.


In type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), the frequency of antibodies against insulin (IAA), glutamic acid decarboxylase-65 (GAD65), ICA512/IA2 (IA2), and islet cell antigens (ICA) vary with human leukocyte antigen (HLA) composition of the patient.
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