Protein Information

Name myeloperoxidase
Synonyms 38 kDa MYELOPEROXIDASE; MPO; Myeloperoxidase; Myeloperoxidase precursor; Peroxidase (Myeloperoxidase); Myeloperoxidases; Myeloperoxidase precursors; Peroxidase (Myeloperoxidase)s

Compound Information

Name α-chlorohydrin
CAS 3-chloro-1,2-propanediol

Reference List

PubMed Abstract RScore(About this table)
8798498 Hazen SL, Hsu FF, Duffin K, Heinecke JW: Molecular chlorine generated by the myeloperoxidase-hydrogen peroxide-chloride system of phagocytes converts low density lipoprotein cholesterol into a family of chlorinated sterols. J Biol Chem. 1996 Sep 20;271(38):23080-8.

8(0,0,0,8) Details
8060981 Heinecke JW, Li W, Mueller DM, Bohrer A, Turk J: Cholesterol chlorohydrin synthesis by the myeloperoxidase-hydrogen peroxide-chloride system: potential markers for lipoproteins oxidatively damaged by phagocytes. Biochemistry. 1994 Aug 23;33(33):10127-36.

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11020661 Winterbourn CC, Kettle AJ: Biomarkers of myeloperoxidase-derived hypochlorous acid. Free Radic Biol Med. 2000 Sep 1;29(5):403-9.

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17604010 Panasenko OM, Vakhrusheva T, Tretyakov V, Spalteholz H, Arnhold J: Influence of chloride on modification of unsaturated phosphatidylcholines by the myeloperoxidase/hydrogen peroxide/bromide system. Chem Phys Lipids. 2007 Sep-Oct;149(1-2):40-51. Epub 2007 May 18.

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10754262 Jerlich A, Pitt AR, Schaur RJ, Spickett CM: Pathways of phospholipid oxidation by HOCl in human LDL detected by LC-MS. Free Radic Biol Med. 2000 Mar 1;28(5):673-82.


Many studies of oxidative damage in atherosclerosis previously have concentrated on damage by nonhalogenated oxidants, but HOCl is a highly toxic oxidant produced by myeloperoxidase in phagocytes, which is also likely to be important in the disease pathogenesis.
3(0,0,0,3) Details
11677044 Arnhold J, Osipov AN, Spalteholz H, Panasenko OM, Schiller J: Effects of hypochlorous acid on unsaturated phosphatidylcholines. Free Radic Biol Med. 2001 Nov 1;31(9):1111-9.


Effects of hypochlorous acid and of the myeloperoxidase-hydrogen peroxide-chloride system on mono- and polyunsaturated phosphatidylcholines were analyzed by means of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS).
3(0,0,0,3) Details
1321589 Winterbourn CC, van den Berg JJ, Roitman E, Kuypers FA: Chlorohydrin formation from unsaturated fatty acids reacted with hypochlorous acid. Arch Biochem Biophys. 1992 Aug 1;296(2):547-55.


Stimulated neutrophils produce hypochlorous acid (HOCl) via the myeloperoxidase-catalyzed reaction of hydrogen peroxide with chloride.
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12223088 Panasenko OM, Osipov AN, Schiller J, Arnhold J: Interaction of exogenous hypochlorite or hypochlorite produced by myeloperoxidase + H2O2 + Cl- system with unsaturated phosphatidylcholines. Biochemistry. 2002 Aug;67(8):889-900.

2(0,0,0,2) Details
11358505 Auchere F, Bertho G, Artaud I, Girault JP, Capeillere-Blandin C: Purification and structure of the major product obtained by reaction of NADPH and NMNH with the myeloperoxidase/hydrogen peroxide/chloride system. Eur J Biochem. 2001 May;268(10):2889-95.

1(0,0,0,1) Details
9626568 Jerlich A, Fabjan JS, Tschabuschnig S, Smirnova AV, Horakova L, Hayn M, Auer H, Guttenberger H, Leis HJ, Tatzber F, Waeg G, Schaur RJ: Human low density lipoprotein as a target of hypochlorite generated by myeloperoxidase. Free Radic Biol Med. 1998 May;24(7-8):1139-48.

1(0,0,0,1) Details
8806710 Carr AC, van den Berg JJ, Winterbourn CC: Chlorination of cholesterol in cell membranes by hypochlorous acid. Arch Biochem Biophys. 1996 Aug 1;332(1):63-9.


Neutrophils and monocytes produce the highly cytotoxic hypochlorous acid (HOCl) via the myeloperoxidase (MPO)-catalyzed reaction of H2O2 with Cl-.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
18005671 Dever GJ, Benson R, Wainwright CL, Kennedy S, Spickett CM: Phospholipid chlorohydrin induces leukocyte adhesion to ApoE-/- mouse arteries via upregulation of P-selectin. Free Radic Biol Med. 2008 Feb 1;44(3):452-63. Epub 2007 Oct 24.


HOCl and the myeloperoxidase-H (2) O (2)-halide system can modify both protein and lipid moieties of LDL and react with unsaturated phospholipids to form chlorohydrins.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
17395985 Lessig J, Schiller J, Arnhold J, Fuchs B: Hypochlorous acid-mediated generation of glycerophosphocholine from unsaturated plasmalogen glycerophosphocholine lipids. J Lipid Res. 2007 Jun;48(6):1316-24. Epub 2007 Mar 29.


The myeloperoxidase-derived metabolite hypochlorous acid (HOCl) promotes the selective cleavage of plasmalogens into chloro fatty aldehydes and 1-lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC).
1(0,0,0,1) Details
8263423 van den Berg JJ, Winterbourn CC, Kuypers FA: Hypochlorous acid-mediated modification of cholesterol and phospholipid: analysis of reaction products by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. J Lipid Res. 1993 Nov;34(11):2005-12.


Using myeloperoxidase to generate hypochlorous acid, basically the same products and product distribution were obtained.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
16445898 Fitzl M, Suss R, Arnold K, Schiller J: Nitrite reduces the effects of HOCl on unsaturated phosphatidylcholines--a MALDI-TOF MS study. Chem Phys Lipids. 2006 Apr;140(1-2):11-7. Epub 2006 Jan 19.


Similar results were obtained when HOCl was generated by the myeloperoxidase (MPO)/H2O2/Cl- system or the experiments were carried out in the presence of a simple peptide.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
9754324 Carr AC, Vissers MC, Domigan NM, Winterbourn CC: Modification of red cell membrane lipids by hypochlorous acid and haemolysis by preformed lipid chlorohydrins. Redox Rep. 1997 Oct-Dec;3(5-6):263-71.


Hypochlorous acid (HOCl), a strong oxidant generated by the myeloperoxidase system of neutrophils and monocytes, has been implicated in inflammatory tissue damage by these cells.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
17128291 Dever G, Wainwright CL, Kennedy S, Spickett CM: Fatty acid and phospholipid chlorohydrins cause cell stress and endothelial adhesion. Acta Biochim Pol. 2006;53(4):761-8. Epub 2006 Nov 27.


Myeloperoxidase, an enzyme which is able to produce hypochlorous acid (HOCl), is released from these phagocytic cells, and has been found in an active form in atherosclerotic plaques.
1(0,0,0,1) Details