Protein Information

Name methemoglobin
Synonyms Abnormal hemoglobin; G gamma globin; Gamma 2 globin; HBG 2; HBG2; Hb F Ggamma; Hemoglobin gamma G; Hemoglobin gamma 2 chain…

Compound Information

Name sodium cyanide
CAS sodium cyanide (Na(CN))

Reference List

PubMed Abstract RScore(About this table)
1335620 Tadic V: The in vivo effects of cyanide and its antidotes on rat brain cytochrome oxidase activity. Toxicology. 1992 Nov 22;76(1):59-67.


The in vivo effects of sodium cyanide and its antidotes, sodium nitrite, sodium thiosulfate and 4-dimethylaminophenol (DMAP), as well as the alpha-adrenergic blocking agent phentolamine, on rat brain cytochrome oxidase were studied.
0(0,0,0,0) Details
1308986 Balla J, Jacob HS, Balla G, Nath K, Vercellotti GM: Endothelial cell heme oxygenase and ferritin induction by heme proteins: a possible mechanism limiting shock damage. Trans Assoc Am Physicians. 1992;105:1-6.

Heme needs to be released from methemoglobin, since sodium cyanide, haptoglobin, and hemopexin inhibit the induction of these proteins.
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2844117 Moreno SN, Stolze K, Janzen EG, Mason RP: Oxidation of cyanide to the cyanyl radical by peroxidase/H2O2 systems as determined by spin trapping. Arch Biochem Biophys. 1988 Sep;265(2):267-71.

The cyanyl radical was formed during the oxidation of potassium or sodium cyanide by horseradish peroxidase, lactoperoxidase, chloroperoxidase, NADH peroxidase, or methemoglobin in the presence of hydrogen peroxide.
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2860882 Vick JA, Froehlich HL: Studies of cyanide poisoning. Arch Int Pharmacodyn Ther. 1985 Feb;273(2):314-22.

Sixty anesthetized beagle dogs were injected i.v. with sodium cyanide (2.5 mg/kg) and were followed for changes in the heart rate, electrocardiogram, respiration, blood pressure and methemoglobin concentration.
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839120 Levine S: Interaction between ethyl methylene blue and cyanide-induced increases in blood lactate. J Lab Clin Med. 1977 Mar;89(3):632-9.

Accordingly, sodium cyanide (1.2 mg./Kg.) was infused into the abdominal aorta of anesthetized, spontaneously breathing dogs.
A second group of dogs was pretreated with EMB (8 to 15 mg./Kg.); this dose of EMB elicited twofold increments in oxygen consumption and induced the formation in vivo of methemoglobin (0.8 +/- 0.1 gm./100 ml.).
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1592224 Scharf BA, Fricke RF, Baskin SI: Comparison of methemoglobin formers in protection against the toxic effects of cyanide. Gen Pharmacol. 1992 Jan;23(1):19-25.

The compounds were administered 15 or 60 min before an intramuscular (i.m.) challenge with a 2 x LD50 dose (5.0-5.6 mg/kg) of sodium cyanide (NaCN). 5.
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6676476 Ten Eyck RP, Schaerdel AD, Lynett JE, Marks DH, Patrissi GA, Ottinger WE, Stansell MJ: Stroma-free methemoglobin solution as an antidote for cyanide poisoning: a preliminary study. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol. 1983-1984;21(3):343-58.

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8845203 Baskin SI, Nealley EW, Lempka JC: Cyanide toxicity in mice pretreated with diethylamine nitric oxide complex. Hum Exp Toxicol. 1996 Jan;15(1):13-18.

Sodium nitrite, a vasodilator commonly used to treat cyanide toxicity thought to act by methemoglobin (MHb) formation, can be rapidly transformed to nitric oxide (NO). 2.
Mice (n = 10 per dose) were administered one of five doses of sodium cyanide (NaCN) intraperitoneally (4.28, 5.08, 6.03, 7.17 and 8.52 mg kg-1).
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10362268 Baskin SI, Porter DW, Rockwood GA, Romano JA Jr, Patel HC, Kiser RC, Cook CM, Ternay AL Jr: In vitro and in vivo comparison of sulfur donors as antidotes to acute cyanide intoxication. J Appl Toxicol. 1999 May-Jun;19(3):173-83.

Although studies to elucidate the precise mechanisms are needed. it is clear that these newly synthesized compounds provide a new rationale for anti-CN drugs, with fewer side-effects than the methemoglobin formers.
The ability of SSDs to protect mice against 2LD50 of sodium cyanide (NaCN) administered either 15 or 60 min following administration of an SSD was assessed.
1(0,0,0,1) Details