Protein Information

Name glutathione S transferase
Synonyms GST class alpha 2; Gst2; GST class alpha; GST class alpha member 2; GST gamma; GSTA 2; GSTA2; GSTA2 2…

Compound Information

Name azinphos-methyl
CAS

Reference List

PubMed Abstract RScore(About this table)
17665366 Reyes M, Franck P, Charmillot PJ, Ioriatti C, Olivares J, Pasqualini E, Sauphanor B: Diversity of insecticide resistance mechanisms and spectrum in European populations of the codling moth, Cydia pomonella. Pest Manag Sci. 2007 Sep;63(9):890-902.

Resistances to azinphos-methyl, diflubenzuron, spinosad, tebufenozide and thiacloprid were significantly correlated with mixed-function oxidase activity, while increased glutathione-S-transferase and reduced non-specific esterase activities were correlated with resistance to azinphos-methyl and emamectin, respectively.
81(1,1,1,1) Details
18533225 Kristoff G, Verrengia Guerrero NR, Cochon AC: Effects of azinphos-methyl exposure on enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant defenses in Biomphalaria glabrata and Lumbriculus variegatus. Chemosphere. 2008 Jul;72(9):1333-9. Epub 2008 Jun 3.

Therefore, total glutathione (t-GSH) levels and activities of cholinesterase (ChE), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione S-transferase (GST), and glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) were measured in the whole body soft tissue of organisms exposed for 48 and 96 h to a level of azinphos-methyl that produces 50% of inhibition on ChE.
31(0,1,1,1) Details
18383563 Soleno J, Anguiano L, de D'Angelo AP, Cichon L, Fernandez D, Montagna C: Toxicological and biochemical response to azinphos-methyl in Cydia pomonella L. (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) among orchards from the Argentinian Patagonia. Pest Manag Sci. 2008 Sep;64(9):964-70.

On the other hand, a poor correlation was observed between glutathione S-transferase activity and mortality (R (2)=0.33) among larvae collected from different orchards.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
15154513 Ahmad M, Hollingworth RM: Synergism of insecticides provides evidence of metabolic mechanisms of resistance in the obliquebanded leafroller Choristoneura rosaceana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). Pest Manag Sci. 2004 May;60(5):465-73.

These studies indicate that enhanced detoxification, often mediated by cytochrome P-450 monooxygenases, but with probable esterase and glutathione S-transferase contributions in some cases, is the major mechanism imparting resistance to different insecticides in C. rosaceana.
DEM produced synergism of indoxacarb, chlorpyrifos, azinphos-methyl and chlorfenapyr in the resistant strain.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
19362380 Ferrari A, Lascano CI, Anguiano OL, D'Angelo AM, Venturino A: Antioxidant responses to azinphos methyl and carbaryl during the embryonic development of the toad Rhinella (Bufo) arenarum Hensel. Aquat Toxicol. 2009 Jun 4;93(1):37-44. Epub 2009 Mar 24.

Glutathione-S-transferases, which may participate in the conjugation of lipid peroxide products in addition to pesticide detoxification, showed an increase of activity at the beginning and at the end of development.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
17461082 Fuentes-Contreras E, Reyes M, Barros W, Sauphanor B: Evaluation of azinphos-methyl resistance and activity of detoxifying enzymes in codling moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) from central Chile. J Econ Entomol. 2007 Apr;100(2):551-6.

We also evaluated the activity of detoxifying enzymes, such as glutathione S-transferases (GSTs), cytochrome P450 polysubstrate monooxygenases (PSMOs), and esterases, which are likely to be involved in resistance to insecticides.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
15378568 Reuveny H, Cohen E: Evaluation of mechanisms of azinphos-methyl resistance in the codling moth Cydia pomonella (L.). Arch Insect Biochem Physiol. 2004 Oct;57(2):92-100.

0(0,0,0,0) Details
12558102 Pree DJ, Whitty KJ, Bittner LA, Pogoda MK: Mechanisms of resistance to organophosphorus insecticides in populations of the obliquebanded leafroller Choristoneura rosaceana (Harris) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) from southern Ontario. Pest Manag Sci. 2003 Jan;59(1):79-84.


Populations of Choristoneura rosaceana (Harris) from orchards in Ontario were shown to be resistant to azinphos-methyl and to other types of organophosphorus insecticides.
0(0,0,0,0) Details