Protein Information

Name cytochrome c
Synonyms CYC; CYCS; Cytochrome C; HCS; Cytochrome Cs

Compound Information

Name piperonyl butoxide
CAS 5-[[2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethoxy]methyl]-6-propyl-1,3-benzodioxole

Reference List

PubMed Abstract RScore(About this table)
6149883 Mullin CA, Matsumura F, Croft BA: Epoxide forming and degrading enzymes in the spider mite, Tetranychus urticae. Comp Biochem Physiol C. 1984;79(1):85-92.

Epoxidation of aldrin was primarily microsomal, required NADPH, was associated with a NADPH-cytochrome c reductase, and was inhibited by CO, 1-phenylimidazole and piperonyl butoxide.
81(1,1,1,1) Details
7864625 Kato H, Kodama O, Akatsuka T: Characterization of an inducible P450 hydroxylase involved in the rice diterpene phytoalexin biosynthetic pathway. Arch Biochem Biophys. 1995 Feb 1;316(2):707-12.

This enzyme reaction was inhibited by cytochrome P450 inhibitors such as piperonyl butoxide, SKF-525A, paclobutorazole, metyrapone, cytochrome c, and carbon monoxide.
31(0,1,1,1) Details
3083808 Scott JG, Georghiou GP: The biochemical genetics of permethrin resistance in the Learn-PyR strain of house fly. Biochem Genet. 1986 Feb;24(1-2):25-37.

Three factors were associated with resistance: (1) increased mixed-function oxidase (MFO) activity associated with elevated levels of cytochrome P-450, cytochrome b5, and NADPH-cytochrome c reductase (P-450 reductase) activity; (2) target-site insensitivity (kdr); and (3) decreased cuticular penetration.
Permethrin resistance factors on chromosome 1 consisted of a piperonyl butoxide (PB)-suppressible mechanism correlated with increased levels of cytochromes P-450 and b5; on chromosome 2, a PB-suppressible mechanism associated with elevated amounts of cytochrome P-450; on chromosome 3, decreased cuticular penetration, kdr, and increased amounts of P-450 reductase activity; and on chromosome 5, a largely PB-suppressible mechanism correlated with elevated levels of cytochrome P-450 and P-450 reductase activity.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
6150824 Albro PW, Chae K, Philpot R, Corbett JT, Schroeder J, Jordan S: In vitro metabolism of mono-2-ethylhexyl phthalate by microsomal enzymes. Drug Metab Dispos. 1984 Nov-Dec;12(6):742-8.

The reactions involve molecular oxygen, are strongly inhibited by carbon monoxide and oxidized cytochrome c, and NADPH is preferred over NADH.
Piperonyl butoxide inhibits hydroxylation of MEHP, but clofibrate does not.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
1889377 Dalvi RR, Dalvi PS: Differences in the effects of piperine and piperonyl butoxide on hepatic drug-metabolizing enzyme system in rats. Drug Chem Toxicol. 1991;14(1-2):219-29.

Twenty-four hr later, these parameters along with cytochrome b5 and NADPH-cytochrome c reductase remained depressed only in piperine-treated rats.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
3004506 Minchin RF, Ho PC, Boyd MR: Reductive metabolism of nitrofurantoin by rat lung and liver in vitro. Biochem Pharmacol. 1986 Feb 15;35(4):575-80.


Neither piperonyl butoxide nor indomethacin affected NF metabolism.
0(0,0,0,0) Details
2541521 Moorthy B, Madyastha P, Madyastha KM: Hepatotoxicity of pulegone in rats: its effects on microsomal enzymes, in vivo. Toxicology. 1989 May 15;55(3):327-37.


Pretreatment of rats with phenobarbital (PB) or diethylmaleate (DEM) potentiated the hepatotoxicity caused by pulegone, whereas, pretreatment with 3-methylcholanthrene (3-MC) or piperonyl butoxide protected from it.
0(0,0,0,0) Details