Protein Information

Name superoxide dismutase
Synonyms IPO B; Indophenoloxidase B; MNSOD; Manganese superoxide dismutase; Manganese containing superoxide dismutase; Mangano superoxide dismutase; Mn superoxide dismutase; Mn SOD…

Compound Information

Name sulfoxide
CAS 5-[2-(octylsulfinyl)propyl]-1,3-benzodioxole

Reference List

PubMed Abstract RScore(About this table)
17883856 Mocchegiani E: Zinc and ageing: third Zincage conference. Immun Ageing. 2007 Sep 20;4:5.

Zn homeostasis influences development and function of immune cells, activity of stress-related and antioxidant proteins [metallothioneins (MT), chaperones, ApoJ, Poly (ADP-Ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) and Methionione Sulfoxide Reductase (Msr), Superoxide Dismutase (SOD)], and helps to maintain genomic integrity and stability.
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19900747 Silveira PC, Victor EG, Schefer D, Silva LA, Streck EL, Paula MM, Pinho RA: Effects of therapeutic pulsed ultrasound and dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) phonophoresis on parameters of oxidative stress in traumatized muscle. Ultrasound Med Biol. 2010 Jan;36(1):44-50. Epub .


Superoxide anion, TBARS, protein carbonyls, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activity was used as indicators of stress oxidative.
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20210879 Namekawa T, Ikeda S, Sugimoto M, Kume S: Effects of Astaxanthin-containing Oil on Development and Stress-related Gene Expression of Bovine Embryos Exposed to Heat Stress. Reprod Domest Anim. 2010 Feb 19.


Subsequently, we performed semi-quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) to investigate the effects of heat stress and Ax on the mRNA expression of Src homology 2 domain-containing transforming protein C1 (SHC1), an oxidative stress adaptor protein, and superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2), a mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenger.
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17880209 Liu GF, Filipovic M, Heinemann FW, Ivanovic-Burmazovic I: Seven-coordinate iron and manganese complexes with acyclic and rigid pentadentate chelates and their superoxide dismutase activity. Inorg Chem. 2007 Oct 15;46(21):8825-35. Epub 2007 Sep 20.

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20171027 Lahnsteiner F, Mansour N, Plaetzer K: Antioxidant systems of brown trout (Salmo trutta f. fario) semen. Anim Reprod Sci. 2010 Jun;119(3-4):314-21. Epub 2010 Feb 1.


In seminal plasma and spermatozoa the enzymes catalase, glutathione reductase, methionine sulfoxide reductase, peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase and the metabolites ascorbic acid, glutathione, methionine, tocopherol, and uric acid were detected.
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18790186 Shen CY, Lee JF, Su CL, Wang D, Chen CF: Hypoxia and reoxygenation of the lung tissues induced mRNA expressions of superoxide dismutase and catalase and interventions from different antioxidants. Transplant Proc. 2008 Sep;40(7):2182-4.

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19033119 Lu N, Li C, Cheng Y, DU AL: [Protective effects of progesterone against high intraocular pressure-induced retinal ischemia-reperfusion in rats]. Nan Fang Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao. 2008 Nov;28(11):2026-9.


The content of malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity were measured by spectrophotometer after the treatment, and the pathological changes of the retina were observed by transmission electron microscope and light microscope.
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19186041 Domitrovic R, Jakovac H, Milin C, Radosevic-Stasic B: Dose- and time-dependent effects of luteolin on carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity in mice. Exp Toxicol Pathol. 2009 Nov;61(6):581-9. Epub 2009 Jan 30.


Luteolin has also decreased oxidative stress produced by CCl (4), as suggested by improvement in the Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase activity.
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18670127 Sato E, Mokudai T, Niwano Y, Kamibayashi M, Kohno M: Existence of a new reactive intermediate oxygen species in hypoxanthine and xanthine oxidase reaction. Chem Pharm Bull. 2008 Aug;56(8):1194-7.


Addition of a high activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), a potent O2* scavenger, and of a high concentration of 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-N-oxide (DMPO), a potent spin trapping agent, diminished completely the CL response.
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18665441 Bernard Y, Melchior C, Tschirhart E, Bueb JL: Co-cultures of human coronary smooth muscle cells and dimethyl sulfoxide-differentiated HL60 cells upregulate ProMMP9 activity and promote mobility-modulation by reactive oxygen species. Inflammation. 2008 Oct;31(5):287-98.


The effects of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase were also analyzed.
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18273562 Mishra P, Kale RK, Kar A: Chemoprevention of mammary tumorigenesis and chemomodulation of the antioxidative enzymes and peroxidative damage in prepubertal Sprague Dawley rats by Biochanin A. Mol Cell Biochem. 2008 May;312(1-2):1-9. Epub 2008 Feb 14.


Spectrophotometric enzyme estimations revealed that the specific activities of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione transferase (GST), DT-diaphorase (DTD), and reduced glutathione (GSH) levels were increased, whereas specific activities of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and lipid peroxidation (LPO) were decreased significantly, both in liver as well as in mammary gland, in animals treated with Biochanin A prepubertally.
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19129394 Schwartz ES, Kim HY, Wang J, Lee I, Klann E, Chung JM, Chung K: Persistent pain is dependent on spinal mitochondrial antioxidant levels. J Neurosci. 2009 Jan 7;29(1):159-68.


Superoxide produced from mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation is considered the major source of ROS in neurons during excitation where mitochondrial superoxide levels are normally controlled by superoxide dismutase (SOD-2).
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17391968 Boojar MM, Shockravi A: On the cytotoxicity and status of oxidative stress of two novel synthesized tri-aza macrocyclic diamides as studied in the V79 cell lines. Bioorg Med Chem. 2007 May 15;15(10):3437-44. Epub 2007 Mar 12.

In this study, we comparatively evaluated cytotoxicity effects of tri-aza dibenzo sulfoxide (TSD) and dibenzo sulfide (TTS) macrocyclic diamides in a range of doses (0.5-8mM) and the role of oxidative stress in V79 cell culture.
We assessed the effects of these substances on ROS level, cellular viability, apoptosis events, activity of antioxidant enzymes including superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), catalase (CAT), and on some macromolecules' oxidative damage end-products: malondialdehyde (MDA), dityrosine, and 8-hydroxy-deoxyguanosine (8-OH-dG) that were assessed by spectrometry and HPLC methods.
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19784828 Li H, Jubelirer S, Garcia Costas AM, Frigaard NU, Bryant DA: Multiple antioxidant proteins protect Chlorobaculum tepidum against oxygen and reactive oxygen species. Arch Microbiol. 2009 Nov;191(11):853-67. Epub 2009 Sep 27.


The encoded proteins include cytochrome bd quinol oxidase, NADH oxidase, rubredoxin oxygen oxidoreductase, several thiol peroxidases, alkyl hydroperoxide reductase, superoxide dismutase, methionine sulfoxide reductase, and rubrerythrin.
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19665240 Wu TM, Hsu YT, Sung MS, Hsu YT, Lee TM: Expression of genes involved in redox homeostasis and antioxidant defense in a marine macroalga Ulva fasciata by excess copper. Aquat Toxicol. 2009 Oct 4;94(4):275-85. Epub 2009 Jul 19.


Phycologia 47, 346-360] were cloned and their expression was compared to superoxide dismutase (UfMnsod and UfFesod), ascorbate peroxidase (UfApx), glutathione reductase (UfGr), and catalase (UfCat).
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19945446 Bergandi L, Aina V, Garetto S, Malavasi G, Aldieri E, Laurenti E, Matera L, Morterra C, Ghigo D: Fluoride-containing bioactive glasses inhibit pentose phosphate oxidative pathway and glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity in human osteoblasts. Chem Biol Interact. 2010 Feb 12;183(3):405-15. Epub 2009 Nov 27.


The presence of fluoride-containing glasses and NaF caused also the generation of reactive oxygen species, which was prevented by superoxide dismutase and catalase.
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20029958 Tanwar V, Sachdeva J, Kishore K, Mittal R, Nag TC, Ray R, Kumari S, Arya DS: Dose-dependent actions of curcumin in experimentally induced myocardial necrosis: a biochemical, histopathological, and electron microscopic evidence. Cell Biochem Funct. 2010 Jan;28(1):74-82.


There was an increase in glutathione, superoxide dismutase (SOD), creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels, decrease in thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), and preservation of myocardial architecture in the curcumin (100 and 200 mg/kg) treated groups.
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18513221 Morel M, Kohler A, Martin F, Gelhaye E, Rouhier N: Comparison of the thiol-dependent antioxidant systems in the ectomycorrhizal Laccaria bicolor and the saprotrophic Phanerochaete chrysosporium. New Phytol. 2008;180(2):391-407. Epub 2008 May 28.


Central to the antioxidant systems are superoxide dismutases, catalases and thiol-dependent peroxidases (Tpx).
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19458134 Alpsoy L, Yildirim A, Agar G: The antioxidant effects of vitamin A, C, and E on aflatoxin B1-induced oxidative stress in human lymphocytes. Toxicol Ind Health. 2009 Mar;25(2):121-7.


The results of this experiment show that AFB (1) significantly decreased the level of GSH and the activities of superoxide dismutase and GPx and increased level of malondialdehyde.
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19305903 Okuda M, Tsuruta T, Katayama K: Lifetime and diffusion coefficient of active oxygen species generated in TiO2 sol solutions. Phys Chem Chem Phys. 2009 Apr 7;11(13):2287-92. Epub 2009 Feb 9.


Transient responses were compared in the presence and absence of various kinds of scavengers such as sodium azide, dimethyl sulfoxide, and superoxide dismutase, and three components of the transient responses were assigned to hydroxyl radicals, hydrogen peroxide, and superoxide radicals.
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17366568 Badisa VL, Latinwo LM, Odewumi CO, Ikediobi CO, Badisa RB, Ayuk-Takem LT, Nwoga J, West J: Mechanism of DNA damage by cadmium and interplay of antioxidant enzymes and agents. Environ Toxicol. 2007 Apr;22(2):144-51.


Of the two antioxidant enzymes (catalase and superoxide dismutase) studied, only catalase conferred significant (50-60%) protection.
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17438788 Alaghmand M, Blough NV: Source-dependent variation in hydroxyl radical production by airborne particulate matter. Environ Sci Technol. 2007 Apr 1;41(7):2364-70.


Partial inhibition of *OH formation by superoxide dismutase (SOD) was also observed in some cases, suggesting that superoxide (O2*-) is also involved.
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19530611 Shehab AY, Ebeid SM, El-Samak MY, Hussein NM: Detoxifying and anti-oxidant enzymes of Fasciola gigantica worms under triclabendazole sulphoxide (TCBZ-SX): an in vitro study. J Egypt Soc Parasitol. 2009 Apr;39(1):73-83.


Levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione S-transferase (GST), and glutathione (GSH) were measured in juvenile and adult worms incubated, without and with 15 and 50 microg/ml TCBZ-SX for 18 hours at 37 degrees C.
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17525399 Miller AA, Drummond GR, Mast AE, Schmidt HH, Sobey CG: Effect of gender on NADPH-oxidase activity, expression, and function in the cerebral circulation: role of estrogen. Stroke. 2007 Jul;38(7):2142-9. Epub 2007 May 24.


Protein expression of Nox1, Nox2, Nox4, superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1), SOD2, and SOD3 was measured using Western blotting.
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17347324 Elfarra AA, Krause RJ: S-(1,2,2-trichlorovinyl)-L-cysteine sulfoxide, a reactive metabolite of S-(1,2,2-Trichlorovinyl)-L-cysteine formed in rat liver and kidney microsomes, is a potent nephrotoxicant. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2007 Jun;321(3):1095-101. Epub 2007 Mar 8.

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