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Korobkov I, Gorelsky S, Gambarotta S: Reduced uranium complexes: synthetic and DFT study of the role of pi ligation in the stabilization of uranium species in a formal low-valent state. J Am Chem Soc. 2009 Aug 5;131(30):10406-20.
Reaction of UCl (4)(THF)(4) with 1,3-[2,5-(i-Pr)(2) PhNC ( horizontal lineCH (2))](2) C (6) H (4) Li (2) produced a complex formulated as [{1,3-[2,5-(i-Pr)(2) PhNC ( horizontal lineCH (2))](2) C (6) H (4)}UCl (3)][Li (THF)(4)] (1) that exhibits a nonagostic interaction between one of the carbon atoms of the central phenyl ring and the U metal center. This interaction leads to significant weakening of the corresponding C-H bond, thereby facilitating proton removal in consecutive transformations. Attempts to form trivalent uranium derivatives were carried out by reacting the same ligand dianion with in situ-prepared "UCl (3)". The reaction indeed afforded a trivalent species formulated as {1,3-[2,5-(i-Pr)(2) PhNC ( horizontal lineCH (2))](2) C (6) H (4)}U (mu-Cl)(3)[Li (THF)(2)](2) (2). The configuration of the ligand system in this complex is similar to that in 1, with the same type of arrangement of the central phenyl ring. Further reduction chemistry with a variety of reagents and conditions was examined. Reaction of 1 with 1 equiv of lithium naphthalenide at 0 degrees C did not afford 2 but instead gave a closely related U (III) complex formulated as {1,3-[2,5-(i-Pr)(2) PhNC ( horizontal lineCH (2))](2) C (6) H (4)}U (THF)(mu-Cl)(2)[Li (Et (2) O)(2)] (3). Both of the trivalent complexes 2 and 3 reacted thermally in boiling THF, undergoing oxidation of the metal center to afford a new tetravalent compound {1,3-[2,5-(i-Pr)(2) PhNC ( horizontal lineCH (2))](2) C (6) H (3)}U (THF)(mu-Cl)(2)[Li (THF)(2)] (4) in which the oxidation of the trivalent center occurred at the expense of the central phenyl ring C-H bond. Reaction of 1 with 3 equiv of lithium naphthalenide at room temperature afforded {{1,3-[2,5-(i-Pr)(2) PhNC ( horizontal lineCH (2))](2) C (6) H (3)}U (mu-Cl)(mu-[O (CH (2))(3) CH (2)])[Li (DME)]}[Li (DME)(3 )] (5). In this species, the tetravalent metal center forms a six-membered metallacycle ring with a moiety arising from THF ring opening. Reaction in DME afforded reductive cleavage of the solvent accompanied by reoxidation of U to the tetravalent state. Reduction of 1 in DME with 2 equiv of potassium naphthalenide at room temperature gave a mixture of two compounds having very similar structures. The two different species [{1,3-[2,5-(i-Pr)(2) PhNC ( horizontal lineCH (2))](2) C (6) H (3)}UCl (OCH (3))][Li (DME)(3)] (6a) and [{1,3-[2,5-(i-Pr)(2) PhNC ( horizontal lineCH (2))](2) C (6) H (3)}UCl (2)][Li (DME)(3)] (6b) cocrystallized in a ratio very close to 1:1 within the same unit cell. The methoxide group was generated from cleavage of the DME solvent. We also attempted the reduction of 1 with a different reducing agent such as NaH in DME. After a slow reaction, a new species formulated as {1,3-[2,5-(i-Pr)(2) PhNC ( horizontal lineCH (2))](2) C (6) H (3)}U (mu-OCH (3))(3)(mu,eta (6)-Na)[eta (3)-Na (DME)] (7) was isolated in significant yield. Once again, the crystal structure revealed the presence of several methoxy groups coordinated to the U center in addition to the metalation of the ligand phenyl ring. To minimize solvent cleavage, reduction of 1 was also carried out at low temperature (-35 degrees C) and with a larger amount (4 equiv) of lithium naphthalenide. After suitable workup, the new species {[{1,3-[2,5-(i-Pr)(2) PhNC ( horizontal lineCH (2))](2) C (6) H (3)}U{1,3-[2,5-(i-Pr)(2) PhN horizontal lineC (CH (3))](2) C (6) H (4)}][Li (DME)(THF)]}.Et (2) O (8) was isolated in significant yield. Even in this case, the uranium atom is surrounded by the expected trianionic, ring-metalated ligand. However, a second ligand unit surrounds the metal center, being bonded through a part of the pi system. Reaction of 1 with excess NaH in toluene proceeded slowly at room temperature, affording a significant yield of {[{1,3-[2,5-(i-Pr)(2) PhNC ( horizontal lineCH (2))](2) C (6) H (3)}U{1,3-[2,5-(i-Pr)(2) PhN horizontal lineC (CH (3))](2) C (6) H (4)}{Na (DME)(2)}][Na (DME)(3)]}.(1)/(2) C (7) H (8) (9) after crystallization from DME/toluene. Similar to 8, the complex still contains one ring-metalated trianionic ligand and one intact ligand that has regained the H atoms and restored the two imine functions. Although according to their connectivities, complexes 8 and 9 could be assigned with the formal oxidation states +2 and +1, respectively, density functional theory calculations clearly indicated that these species contain additional spin density on the ligand system with the metal center in its more standard trivalent state. |
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