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Osuji GO, Braithwaite C: Signaling by glutamate dehydrogenase in response to pesticide treatment and nitrogen fertilization of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.). J Agric Food Chem. 1999 Aug;47(8):3332-44.
The responses of glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) to NH (4)(+) and herbicides offer a new approach for probing the effects of NH (4)(+)-pesticide interactions at the whole-plant level. Although pesticides and fertilizers have greatly enhanced food production, their combined biochemical effects are not known in detail. Peanut plants were treated with different rates of Basagran (3-(1-methylethyl)-1H-2,1,3-benzothiadiazin-4 (3H)-one 2,2-dioxide), Bravo 720 (tetrachloroiso-phthalonitrile), and Sevin XLR Plus (1-naphthyl N-methylcarbamate), with and without 25 mM NH (4) Cl fertilization. Isoelectric focusing, followed by native 7.5% polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) fractionated the peanut seed GDH fully to its isoenzyme population patterns. The pesticide treatments induced positive skewing of the GDH isoenzymes, but NH (4) Cl-pesticide cotreatments induced a negatively skewed distribution. Basagran, Sevin, and Bravo increased the amination activities of GDH from 30.0 +/- 2.8 units in the control assay to 479.0 +/- 20.7, 63.0 +/- 5.8, and 35.2 +/- 2.2 units, respectively, therefore indicating a direct GDH-pesticide interaction. Neither the NH (4)(+) nor the pesticides increased the peanut seed protein yields above the threshold of 3.8 +/- 0.7 g per pot. But in the GDH combination of the signals from a pesticide and NH (4)(+), at least 70% of the pesticide signal was overridden by NH (4)(+) with concomitant increases in peanut seed protein yields to 7.0 +/- 1.8 g per pot. Basagran, Sevin, and Bravo possess different pesticidal properties, but their effects on GDH activity were related in the decreasing order of their nucleophilicity, viz. Basagran > Sevin > Bravo. |
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