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Liu L, Barth RF, Tjarks W, Soloway AH, Anisuzzaman AK: In vitro and in vivo evaluation of carboranyl uridines as boron delivery agents for neutron capture therapy. Anticancer Res. 1996 Jan-Feb;16(1):113-20.
The purpose of the present study was to evaluate 2' and 5'-O-(o-carboran-1-ylmethyl) uridine (CBU-2' and CBU-5') as delivery agents for Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (BNCT) of brain tumors. The in vitro cellular uptake, persistence, subcellular distribution and cytotoxicity, and in vivo biodistribution of CBU-2' have been studied as follows. Cellular uptake studies were carried out with the F98 rat glioma, U-87 MG human glioma, B16 melanoma, SP2/0 myeloma and MDCK fibroblasts. All tumor and non-tumor cell lines had high uptake of CBU-2' (46-75 ppm), indicating that uptake was not selective for neoplastic cells and was independent of cell proliferation. In vitro persistence studies showed high cellular retention of CBU-2' compared to sodium borocaptate (BSH), when cells were transferred from boron-containing to boron-free medium and cultured for an additional 24-48 hours. Subcellular fractionation revealed 75.6% of the recoverable boron was cell membrane associated, 15.6% was in the cytosol, and 8.8% was in the nuclear fraction, but no boron was detectable in the RNA and DNA fractions. F98 glioma cells were cultured in the presence of 3 metabolic inhibitors (rotenone, dipyridamole and NBMPR inverted question mark6-[(4-nitrobenzyl) thio]-9-beta-D-ribofuranosylpurine inverted question mark) and none of these blocked the cellular uptake of CBU-2' suggesting that uptake was neither energy nor nucleoside transport dependent. In vivo studies in F98 glioma bearing rats showed that CBU-2' in tumor attained concentrations of 8.0 +/- 2.1 micrograms B/g tissue, which was 13 x greater than that in normal brain of the ipsilateral and contralateral cerebral hemispheres (0.6 +/- 0.2 microgram B/g). The B levels, however, were still lower than the minimum 20-35 microgram B/g, which are required for in vivo BNCT. In summary, our in vitro and in vivo data indicate that CBU-2' was not sufficiently selective for in vivo targeting of brain tumors. However, CBU-2' and CBU-5' were highly toxic for F98 glioma cells in vitro (IC50 = 3 - 13 x 10 (-5) M), as determined by measuring the uptake of 3H-thymidine, and the survival of F98 glioma cells using a clonogenic assay, which suggests that these compounds should be further evaluated as potential cytoreductive chemotherapeutic agents. |
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