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Toida T, Linhardt RJ: Detection of glycosaminoglycans as a copper (II) complex in capillary electrophoresis. Electrophoresis. 1996 Feb;17(2):341-6. Glycosaminoglycans including heparin, heparan sulfate, chondroitin sulfate, dermatan sulfate and hyaluronic acid were analyzed by reversed polarity capillary electrophoresis. Detection was achieved at 240 nm based on the formation of a copper (II) complex in copper sulfate solution at low pH. Glycosaminoglycans having a high ratio of iduronic acid to glucuronic acid, as well as ones having lower molecular weight, gave the highest detection sensitivity using this method. Detection of the copper (II)-heparin complex is extremely sensitive, permitting the analysis of as little as 10 (-9) g. This method was also successfully applied to the analysis of heparin oligosaccharides that lacked a chromophore prepared from heparin using controlled, low pH nitrous acid depolymerization. |
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