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Graham GG, Whitehouse MW, Bushell GR: Aurocyanide, dicyano-aurate (I), a pharmacologically active metabolite of medicinal gold complexes. Inflammopharmacology. 2008 Jun;16(3):126-32.
The aurocyanide anion, Au (CN) (2) (-) , is a human metabolite of several anti-rheumatic gold complexes containing monovalent gold (I) bound to a sulphur ligand. This article reviews some of the chemical and pharmacological properties of this intriguing metabolite, and reports its anti-arthritic and anti-inflammatory activity in rats. Au (CN) (2) (-) is generated from the therapeutic gold complexes by small amounts of hydrogen cyanide, HCN, produced from thiocyanate, SCN (-), by myeloperoxidase (MPO) an enzyme in neutrophils which normally produces hypochlorite, OCl (-). Thus, Au (CN) (2) (-) is formed at sites of inflammation where activated neutrophils are present. This includes atherosclerotic lesions as well as inflamed joints. MPO also oxidises Au (CN) (2) (-) to Au (III) complexes such as Au (CN) (4) (-) .Au (CN) (2) (-) is normally a very stable monovalent gold complex. In a biological context, only low concentrations are ever present at both extracellular and intracellular sites. However, Au (CN) (2) (-) produced locally may facilitate the cellular uptake and hence the therapeutic and toxic effects of gold drugs. Au (CN) (2) (-) may also be involved in a redox cycle where Au (CN) (2) (-) is oxidised to Au (CN) (4) (-) which is, in turn, reduced back to Au (CN) (2) (-) by endogenous thiols. There are still many questions to be resolved concerning Au (CN) (2) (-) including its intrinsic toxicity and the extent to which it may contribute to the overall anti-arthritic activities of the gold-thiolates from which it is formed in vivo. |
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