Protein Information

Name glycogen synthase kinase 3
Synonyms GSK 3 beta; GSK3 beta; GSK3B; GSK3B protein; Glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta; GSK3 betas; GSK3B proteins; Glycogen synthase kinase 3 betas…

Compound Information

Name cycloheximide
CAS

Reference List

PubMed Abstract RScore(About this table)
17647100 Takadera T, Ohyashiki T: Calmodulin inhibitor-induced apoptosis was prevented by glycogen synthase kinase-3 inhibitors in PC12 cells. Cell Mol Neurobiol. 2007 Sep;27(6):783-90. Epub 2007 Jul 24.

In addition, nerve growth factor and cycloheximide, a protein synthesis inhibitor, completely blocked cell death.
4(0,0,0,4) Details
16227590 Pluquet O, Qu LK, Baltzis D, Koromilas AE: Endoplasmic reticulum stress accelerates p53 degradation by the cooperative actions of Hdm2 and glycogen synthase kinase 3beta. Mol Cell Biol. 2005 Nov;25(21):9392-405.

2(0,0,0,2) Details
17609434 Grisouard J, Medunjanin S, Hermani A, Shukla A, Mayer D: Glycogen synthase kinase-3 protects estrogen receptor alpha from proteasomal degradation and is required for full transcriptional activity of the receptor. Mol Endocrinol. 2007 Oct;21(10):2427-39. Epub 2007 Jul 3.

Indeed, under this condition, ERalpha protein was rescued using the proteasome inhibitor MG132 in presence of the protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
19906679 Gosens R, Baarsma HA, Heijink IH, Oenema TA, Halayko AJ, Meurs H, Schmidt M: De novo synthesis of {beta}-catenin via H-Ras and MEK regulates airway smooth muscle growth. FASEB J. 2010 Mar;24(3):757-68. Epub 2009 Nov 11.

Growth factors are believed to regulate the nuclear expression of beta-catenin via inactivation of glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK-3) by phosphorylation, resulting in increased beta-catenin protein stability.
This was confirmed using actinomycin D and cycloheximide, which abrogated the induction and nuclear localization of beta-catenin protein.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
16805793 Sugano T, Yanagita T, Yokoo H, Satoh S, Kobayashi H, Wada A: Enhancement of insulin-induced PI3K/Akt/GSK-3beta and ERK signaling by neuronal nicotinic receptor/PKC-alpha/ERK pathway: up-regulation of IRS-1/-2 mRNA and protein in adrenal chromaffin cells. J Neurochem. 2006 Jul;98(1):20-33.

In cultured bovine adrenal chromaffin cells treated with nicotine (10 microm for 24 h), phosphorylation of Akt, glycogen synthase kinase-3beta (GSK-3beta) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2 induced by insulin (100 nm for 10 min) was enhanced by approximately 62%, without altering levels of these protein kinases.
The increase in IRS-1/IRS-2 levels induced by nicotine was prevented by nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) antagonists, the Ca (2+) chelator 1,2-bis (2-aminophenoxy)-ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetra-acetic acid tetrakis-acetoxymethyl ester, cycloheximide or actinomycin D.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
19737590 Yoshikawa N, Nemoto T, Satoh S, Maruta T, Yanagita T, Chosa E, Wada A: Distinct regulation of insulin receptor substrate-1 and -2 by 90-kDa heat-shock protein in adrenal chromaffin cells. Neurochem Int. 2010 Jan;56(1):42-50. Epub 2009 Sep 6.

In cultured bovine adrenal chromaffin cells, we observed that 24-h treatment with 1 microM geldanamycin (an inhibitor of Hsp90) decreased insulin receptor substrate-1 level, while increasing insulin receptor substrate-2 level; besides, geldanamycin lowered phosphoinositide 3-kinase, phosphoinositide-dependent kinase-1, Akt, glycogen synthase kinase-3beta, and Raf-1 levels, without changing extracellular signal-regulated kinase and its upstream kinase levels.
Geldanamycin-induced increase of insulin receptor substrate-2 was prevented by cycloheximide or actinomycin D.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
19557001 Katiyar S, Liu E, Knutzen CA, Lang ES, Lombardo CR, Sankar S, Toth JI, Petroski MD, Ronai Z, Chiang GG: REDD1, an inhibitor of mTOR signalling, is regulated by the CUL4A-DDB1 ubiquitin ligase. EMBO Rep. 2009 Aug;10(8):866-72. Epub 2009 Jun 26.


Here, we show that REDD1 is subject to ubiquitin-mediated degradation mediated by the CUL4A-DDB1-ROC1-beta-TRCP E3 ligase complex and through the activity of glycogen synthase kinase 3beta.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
19486905 Yanagita T, Maruta T, Nemoto T, Uezono Y, Matsuo K, Satoh S, Yoshikawa N, Kanai T, Kobayashi H, Wada A: Chronic lithium treatment up-regulates cell surface Na (V) 1.7 sodium channels via inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase-3 in adrenal chromaffin cells: enhancement of Na (+) influx, Ca (2+) influx and catecholamine secretion after lithium withdrawal. Neuropharmacology. 2009 Sep;57(3):311-21. Epub 2009 May 30.

This increase was prevented by cycloheximide and actinomycin D.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
15632169 MacAulay K, Blair AS, Hajduch E, Terashima T, Baba O, Sutherland C, Hundal HS: Constitutive activation of GSK3 down-regulates glycogen synthase abundance and glycogen deposition in rat skeletal muscle cells. J Biol Chem. 2005 Mar 11;280(10):9509-18. Epub 2005 Jan 4.

The effects of inhibition or constitutive activation of glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK3) on glycogen synthase (GS) activity, abundance, and glycogen deposition in L6 rat skeletal muscle cells were investigated.
However, the increase in GS protein in undifferentiated myoblasts or that seen following incubation of cells expressing GSK3S9A with GSK3 inhibitors was blocked by cycloheximide suggesting that GSK3 influences GS abundance possibly via control of mRNA translation.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
15642371 Schnitzer SE, Schmid T, Zhou J, Eisenbrand G, Brune B: Inhibition of GSK3beta by indirubins restores HIF-1alpha accumulation under prolonged periods of hypoxia/anoxia. FEBS Lett. 2005 Jan 17;579(2):529-33.


We investigated how PI3K/Akt and glycogen synthase kinase 3beta (GSK3beta) affect HIF-1alpha in human RKO cells under prolonged periods of severe hypoxia/anoxia. 16- to 32-h lasting incubations attenuated Akt activity and decreased HIF-1alpha protein.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
17166486 Takadera T, Ohyashiki T: Caspase-dependent apoptosis induced by calcineurin inhibitors was prevented by glycogen synthase kinase-3 inhibitors in cultured rat cortical cells. Brain Res. 2007 Feb 16;1133(1):20-6. Epub 2006 Dec 12.

In addition, insulin growth factor-I (IGF-I) and cycloheximide completely blocked cell death.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
18450422 Park S, Song J, Joe CO, Shin I: Akt stabilizes estrogen receptor alpha with the concomitant reduction in its transcriptional activity. Cell Signal. 2008 Jul;20(7):1368-74. Epub 2008 Mar 19.


Cycloheximide decay assays and studies with proteasome inhibitor indicated that Akt1-mediated up-regulation of ERalpha was maintained by inhibiting proteasome-mediated degradation of ERalpha.
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