Protein Information

Name G protein
Synonyms G gamma I; Guanine nucleotide binding protein 2; G protein; GNG 2; GNG2; GNGT 2; GNGT2; Guanine nucleotide binding protein gamma 2…

Compound Information

Name piperazine
CAS piperazine

Reference List

PubMed Abstract RScore(About this table)
19043296 Satoh K, Nonaka R: [In-vitro screening of psychoactive drugs to prevent abuses] . Yakugaku Zasshi. 2008 Dec;128(12):1771-82.

These assays were then applied to study the effects of different kinds (phenethylamine derivatives, tryptamine derivatives, and piperazine derivatives) of non-medically used psychoactive drugs on monoamine re-uptake and release, and G-protein binding.
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16005846 Pucadyil TJ, Chattopadhyay A: Cholesterol modulates the antagonist-binding function of hippocampal serotonin1A receptors. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2005 Aug 1;1714(1):35-42.


The serotonin1A receptor is the most extensively studied member of the family of seven transmembrane domain G-protein coupled serotonin receptors.
3(0,0,0,3) Details
15595840 Pucadyil TJ, Kalipatnapu S, Harikumar KG, Rangaraj N, Karnik SS, Chattopadhyay A: G-protein-dependent cell surface dynamics of the human serotonin1A receptor tagged to yellow fluorescent protein. Biochemistry. 2004 Dec 21;43(50):15852-62.

3(0,0,0,3) Details
11860184 Harikumar KG, Chattopadhyay A: Modulation of antagonist binding to serotonin1A receptors from bovine hippocampus by metal ions. Cell Mol Neurobiol. 2001 Oct;21(5):453-64.


The serotonin1A (5-HT1A) receptors are members of a superfamily of seven transmembrane domain receptors that couple to G-proteins.
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11489454 Jeong HJ, Han SH, Min BI, Cho YW: 5-HT1A receptor-mediated activation of G-protein-gated inwardly rectifying K+ current in rat periaqueductal gray neurons. Neuropharmacology. 2001 Aug;41(2):175-85.

I5-HT was mimicked by a 5-HT1A receptor selective agonist, 8-OH-DPAT, and was reversibly blocked by a 5-HT1A receptor antagonist, piperazine maleate, but not by a 5-HT2 receptor antagonist, ketanserin.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
18367171 Lee JJ, Hahm ET, Lee CH, Cho YW: 5-HT1A receptor-mediated activation of a G-protein-coupled inwardly rectifying K+ current in rat medial preoptic area neurons. Eur J Pharmacol. 2008 May 31;586(1-3):114-22. Epub 2008 Mar 4.

The 5-HT-activated K+ current was mimicked by a 5-HT1A receptor agonist, (+/-)-8-hydroxy-2-dipropylaminotetralin hydrobromide, and was reversibly blocked by a 5-HT1A receptor antagonist, 1-(2-methoxyphenyl)-4-[4-(2-phthalimido) butyl] piperazine hydrobromide, but not by a 5-HT2 receptor antagonist, ketanserin.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
11068021 Kishimoto K, Koyama S, Akaike N: Presynaptic modulation of synaptic gamma-aminobutyric acid transmission by tandospirone in rat basolateral amygdala. Eur J Pharmacol. 2000 Nov 3;407(3):257-65.

The similar inhibition of miniature IPSC frequency was mimicked by a specific 5-HT1A receptor agonist 8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino) tetralin (8-OH-DPAT, 1 microM), and the effects of tandospirone were prevented in the presence of a specific 5-HT1A receptor antagonist 1-(2-methoxyphenyl)-4-[4-(2-phthalimido) butyl] piperazine hydrobromide (NAN-190, 1 microM).
Furthermore, this presynaptic inhibition by tandospirone was prevented after treatment with a pertussis toxin-sensitive GTP-binding protein (G-protein) inhibitor, N-ethylmaleimide (at 3 microM for 5 min).
2(0,0,0,2) Details
16554049 Cosi C, Carilla-Durand E, Assie MB, Ormiere AM, Maraval M, Leduc N, Newman-Tancredi A: Partial agonist properties of the antipsychotics SSR181507, aripiprazole and bifeprunox at dopamine D2 receptors: G protein activation and prolactin release. Eur J Pharmacol. 2006 Mar 27;535(1-3):135-44. Epub 2006 Mar 22.

We compared the effects of the new antipsychotic agents SSR181507 ((3-exo)-8-benzoyl-N-[[(2 s) 7-chloro-2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-1-yl] methyl]-8-azabicyclo [3.2.1] oct ane-3-methanamine monohydrochloride), bifeprunox (DU127090: 1-(2-Oxo-benzoxazolin-7-yl)-4-(3-biphenyl) methylpiperazinemesylate) and SLV313 (1-(2,3-dihydro-benzo [1,4] dioxin-5-yl)-4-[5-(4-fluorophenyl)-pyridin-3-ylm ethyl]-piperazine) with those of aripiprazole (7-{4-[4-(2,3-dichlorophenyl)-1-piperazinyl]-butyloxy)-3,4-dihydro-2 (1 H)-quinolinone), clozapine and haloperidol, on functional measures of dopamine D2 receptor activity in vitro and in vivo: [35S]-GTPgammaS binding to membranes from Sf9 insect cells expressing human dopamine D2 Long (hD2 L) receptors, and serum prolactin levels in the rat.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
12181435 Newman-Tancredi A, Cussac D, Marini L, Millan MJ: Antibody capture assay reveals bell-shaped concentration-response isotherms for h5-HT (1A) receptor-mediated Galpha (i3) activation: conformational selection by high-efficacy agonists, and relationship to trafficking of receptor signaling. Mol Pharmacol. 2002 Sep;62(3):590-601.

Although serotonin 5-HT (1A) receptors couple to several Gi/o G-protein subtypes, little is known concerning their differential activation patterns.
In contrast, the partial agonists (-)-pindolol and 4-(benzodioxan-5-yl) 1-(indan-2-yl) piperazine (S15535) displayed sigmoidal stimulation isotherms, whereas spiperone and other inverse agonists sigmoidally inhibited [(35) S] GTPgammaS binding.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
11100975 Harikumar KG, John PT, Chattopadhyay A: Role of disulfides and sulfhydryl groups in agonist and antagonist binding in serotonin1A receptors from bovine hippocampus. Cell Mol Neurobiol. 2000 Dec;20(6):665-81.


The serotonin1A (5-HT1A) receptors are members of a superfamily of seven-transmembrane-domain receptors that couple to G-proteins.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
11564657 Berg KA, Cropper JD, Niswender CM, Sanders-Bush E, Emeson RB, Clarke WP: RNA-editing of the 5-HT (2C) receptor alters agonist-receptor-effector coupling specificity. Br J Pharmacol. 2001 Sep;134(2):386-92.


G proteins).
2(0,0,0,2) Details
16767512 Pucadyil TJ, Jafurulla M, Chattopadhyay A: Prolonged treatment with ligands affects ligand binding to the human serotonin (1A) receptor in Chinese hamster ovary cells. Cell Mol Neurobiol. 2006 May;26(3):247-57. Epub 2006 Apr 21.


The serotonin (1A) receptors are members of a superfamily of seven transmembrane domain receptors that couple to G-proteins, and appear to be involved in several behavioral and cognitive functions. 2.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
11426831 Quirk K, Lawrence A, Jones J, Misra A, Harvey V, Lamb H, Revell D, Porter RH, Knight AR: Characterisation of agonist binding on human 5-HT2C receptor isoforms. Eur J Pharmacol. 2001 May 11;419(2-3):107-12.

The VSV isoform lacks the high affinity recognition site for 5-HT, which may be caused by low efficiency coupling to G-proteins.
In these studies the affinity of agonists (5-HT, Ro600175 ((S)-2-(6-Chloro-5-fluoroindol-1-yl)-1-methylethylamine), MK212 (6-Chloro-2-(piperazinyl) pyrazine), mCPP (1-(m-chlorophenyl)-piperazine), TfMPP (N-(m-trifluoromethylphenyl) piperazine), DOI (1-(2,5-Dimethoxy-4-iodophenyl)-2-aminopropane), DOB (1-(4-bromo-2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-2-aminopropane) and 8OH-DPAT (8-hydroxy-2-(di-N-propylamino) tetralin) was higher at the INI isoform, whilst antagonist affinity (ketanserin and mesulergine) did not change between the two receptor isoforms.
2(0,0,0,2) Details
12769714 Boyle CD, Palani A: Structure-activity relationship studies: M2 and CCR5 receptor antagonists. . Curr Top Med Chem. 2003;3(10):1155-69.


A wide range of neurotransmitters, polypeptides and inflammatory mediators transduce their signals into the interior of cell by specific interactions with cell-surface receptors that are coupled to G-protein.
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14556235 Oz M, Zhang L, Rotondo A, Sun H, Morales M: Direct activation by dopamine of recombinant human 5-HT1A receptors: comparison with human 5-HT2C and 5-HT3 receptors. Synapse. 2003 Dec 15;50(4):303-13.

Application of 5-HT or DA in oocytes coexpressing 5-HT1A receptors and G-protein-activated inwardly rectifying potassium channels (GIRK1) induced inward currents with respective EC50 values of 4.2 nM and 11.2 microM.
Magnitudes of maximal DA induced currents were 42 +/- 3% of maximal 5-HT responses and blocked by the 5-HT2 antagonist, piperazine (1 microM).
1(0,0,0,1) Details
18190908 Heusler P, Newman-Tancredi A, Loock T, Cussac D: Antipsychotics differ in their ability to internalise human dopamine D2S and human serotonin 5-HT1A receptors in HEK293 cells. Eur J Pharmacol. 2008 Feb 26;581(1-2):37-46. Epub 2007 Nov 28.

Interestingly, the internalisation induced by clozapine was only minimal, whereas aripirazole and bifeprunox were more potent for internalisation than for G-protein activation.
Among antipsychotics with combined D (2)/5-HT (1A) properties, bifeprunox and (3-exo)-8-benzoyl-N-[[(2S) 7-chloro-2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-1-yl] methyl ]-8-azabicyclo-[3.2.1] octane-3-methanamine (SSR181507) partially internalised HA-hD (2S) receptors, piperazine, 1-(2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-5-yl)-4-[[5-(4-fluorophenyl)-3-pyridinyl] me thyl (SLV313) and N-[(2,2-dimethyl-2,3-dihydro-benzofuran-7-yloxy) ethyl]-3-(cyclopent-1-enyl )-benzylamine (F15063) were inactive.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
11166326 Milligan G, Kellett E, Dacquet C, Dubreuil V, Jacoby E, Millan MJ, Lavielle G, Spedding M: S 14506: novel receptor coupling at 5-HT (1A) receptors. . Neuropharmacology. 2001 Mar;40(3):334-44.


The maximum response for S 14506 in these assays was equivalent to 5-HT, indicating it to be a full agonist.In molecular modelling studies, using a three-site model of the 5-HT (1A) receptor, S 14506 spanned between the 5-HT recognition site and the "arginine switch" (DRY microdomain) postulated to activate the interaction of the receptor with the G protein.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
19605522 Cussac D, Palmier C, Finana F, De Vries L, Tardif S, Leger C, Bernois S, Heusler P: Mutant 5-hydroxytryptamine 1A receptor D116A is a receptor activated solely by synthetic ligands with a rich pharmacology. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2009 Oct;331(1):222-33. Epub 2009 Jul 15.

In contrast, affinities of the 5-HT (1A) ligands WAY100,635, spiperone, (-)-4-(dipropylamino)-1,3,4,5-tetrahydrobenz {c,d}indole-6-carboxamide (LY228,729), and 1-[2-(4-fluorobenzoylamino) ethyl]-4-(7-methoxynaphtyl) piperazine (S14506) and the prototypical 5-HT (1A) agonist (+)-8-OH-DPAT are only slightly affected by the mutation, suggesting a moderate contribution of Asp116 to the binding pocket for these latter.
Furthermore, LY228,729, S14506, and (+)-8-OH-DPAT induce a potent and efficacious coupling of the 5-HT (1A)-D116A receptor to G protein activation as measured by Ca (2+) mobilization and guanosine 5'-O-(3-[(35) S] thio) triphosphate binding in Chinese hamster ovary cells as well as by G protein-coupled inwardly rectifying potassium channel current activation in Xenopus laevis oocytes.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
11159702 Newman-Tancredi A, Verriele L, Millan MJ: Differential modulation by GTPgammaS of agonist and inverse agonist binding to h5-HT (1A) receptors revealed by [3H]-WAY100,635. Br J Pharmacol. 2001 Jan;132(2):518-24.


GTPgammaS-induced affinity changes of agonist and inverse agonist competition isotherms generally correlate well with ligand efficacy, with the notable exception of two chemically-similar agents, S14506 and S14671, which are efficacious agonists, yet relatively insensitive to h5-HT (1A) receptor/G-protein coupling changes.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
15254141 Chiou LC, Chuang KC, Wichmann J, Adam G: Ro 64-6198 [(1S,3aS)-8-(2,3,3a,4,5,6-Hexahydro-1H-phenalen-1-yl)-1-phenyl-1,3,8-triaz a-spiro [4.5] decan-4-one] acts differently from nociceptin/orphanin FQ in rat periaqueductal gray slices. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2004 Nov;311(2):645-51. Epub 2004 Jul 13.

Ro 64-6198, like N/OFQ, activated G protein-coupled inwardly rectifying K (+) channels (GIRK) in ventrolateral PAG neurons but displayed only 60% efficacy and 22% potency of N/OFQ.
The effect of Ro 64-6198 was not affected by naloxone (1 microM), sulpiride (10 microM), and [1-(2-methoxyphenyl)-4-[4-2-phthalimido) butyl] piperazine (NAN-190) (1 microM), respectively, the antagonist of opioid, dopamine D (2), and 5-HT (1A) receptors.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
11728188 Perrone R, Berardi F, Colabufo NA, Leopoldo M, Lacivita E, Tortorella V, Leonardi A, Poggesi E, Testa R: trans-4-[4-(Methoxyphenyl) cyclohexyl]-1-arylpiperazines: a new class of potent and selective 5-HT (1A) receptor ligands as conformationally constrained analogues of 4-[3-(5-methoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalen-1-yl) propyl]-1-arylpiperazine s. J Med Chem. 2001 Dec 6;44(25):4431-42.

Among the new derivatives emerged trans-4-[4-(3-methoxyphenyl) cyclohexyl]-1-(2-pyridinyl) piperazine (trans-8a) and trans-N-[4-(3-methoxyphenyl) cyclohexyl]-2-(2-pyridyloxy) ethylamine (trans-8b).
They were also submitted to the [35S] GTPgammaS binding assay stimulating the 5-HT1A receptor-mediated G-protein activation, therefore behaving as full or as partial agonists.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
11747364 Rieck PW, Cholidis S, Hartmann C: Intracellular signaling pathway of FGF-2-modulated corneal endothelial cell migration during wound healing in vitro. Exp Eye Res. 2001 Nov;73(5):639-50.


In different experiments, cells were incubated with either FGF-2 (10 ng ml (-1)), pertussis toxin (PTX; 1-50 ng ml (-1)), phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA; 50 ng ml (-1)), 2,4'-di-bromoacetophenone (DAP; 5 microM), 1-(5-iosquinolinesulphonyl)-2-methyl-piperazine dihydrochloride (H7; 10 microM), indomethacin (5 ng ml (-1)), nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA; 10 ng ml (-1)), 2-(4-morpholinyl)-8-pheny-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one (LY294002; 10 microM) or different combinations of these agents.
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