Protein Information

Name methemoglobin
Synonyms Abnormal hemoglobin; G gamma globin; Gamma 2 globin; HBG 2; HBG2; Hb F Ggamma; Hemoglobin gamma G; Hemoglobin gamma 2 chain…

Compound Information

Name sodium azide
CAS sodium azide

Reference List

PubMed Abstract RScore(About this table)
8593088 Petrenko IuM, Titov VIu, Vladimirov IuA: [The property of tetracyclines to induce methemoglobin formation in erythrocytes and to inactivate catalase when exposed to radiation in the visible range]. Antibiot Khimioter. 1995 Jun;40(6):10-8.

When tetracycline and chlortetracycline were incubated an a dark room in the presence of erythrocytes with erythrocytic catalase completely inactivated by sodium azide, the antibiotics induced methemoglobin formation in them.
34(0,1,1,4) Details
11834210 Tedesco I, Luigi Russo G, Nazzaro F, Russo M, Palumbo R: Antioxidant effect of red wine anthocyanins in normal and catalase-inactive human erythrocytes. J Nutr Biochem. 2001 Sep;12(9):505-511.

Subsequently, we demonstrate that fractions containing anthocyanins lower ROS (reactive oxygen species) and methemoglobin production in human erythrocytes treated with H (2) O (2.) Finally, we reported that the protective effects of anthocyanins were also confirmed in an experimental model in which RBCs were deprived of catalase activity by treatment with 4 mM sodium azide.
31(0,1,1,1) Details
7750790 Rohn TT, Hinds TR, Vincenzi FF: Inhibition by activated neutrophils of the Ca2+ pump ATPase of intact red blood cells. Free Radic Biol Med. 1995 Apr;18(4):655-67.

The addition of sodium azide, a potent inhibitor of endogenous RBC catalase, enhanced inhibition of the Ca2+ pump ATPase of intact RBCs.
Thus, a significant amount of methemoglobin appeared to be associated with the membrane proteins, and, in general, protein bands appeared to be more diffuse and less defined than proteins in control lanes.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
19778251 Sarkar C, Mitra PK, Saha S, Nayak C, Chakraborty R: Effect of copper-hydroquinone complex on oxidative stress-related parameters in human erythrocytes (in vitro). Toxicol Mech Methods. 2009 Feb;19(2):86-93.

Hydroquinone either alone or in the presence of copper produced a decrease of reduced glutathione level without altering methemoglobin concentration and erythrocyte lipid peroxidation.
Catalase inhibition by sodium azide depleted reduced glutathione level further.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
7864645 Ito T, Nakano M, Yamamoto Y, Hiramitsu T, Mizuno Y: Hemoglobin-induced lipid peroxidation in the retina: a possible mechanism for macular degeneration. Arch Biochem Biophys. 1995 Feb 1;316(2):864-72.


To investigate a possible link between subretinal hemorrhage and macular degeneration, oxyhemoglobin (HbO2) or methemoglobin (metHb) was incubated with retinal homogenate and unsaturated phospholipid peroxidation was monitored by (a) assay of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS), (b) luminescence originating from an energy transfer of lipid-degraded products to rose bengal, and (c) the decrease in composition of highly unsaturated fatty acids of phospholipids.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
8531474 Lambert WE, Piette M, Van Peteghem C, De Leenheer AP: Application of high-performance liquid chromatography to a fatality involving azide. J Anal Toxicol. 1995 Jul-Aug;19(4):261-4.

We describe a fatality resulting from the ingestion of sodium azide.
Methemoglobin and cyanide content in the blood were also elevated.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
11305606 Hirayama J, Wagner SJ, Abe H, Ikebuchi K, Ikeda H: Involvement of reactive oxygen species in hemoglobin oxidation and virus inactivation by 1,9-dimethylmethylene blue phototreatment. Biol Pharm Bull. 2001 Apr;24(4):418-21.

Virus (R17 bacteriophage) photoinactivation by either activated monomer or dimer DMMB was suppressed by sodium azide (singlet oxygen quencher) and promoted by the substitution of H2O for deuterium oxide (D2O), which is known to prolong the lifespan of singlet oxygen.
Similar experiments were conducted to investigate the mechanism of methemoglobin (Met-Hb) formation by the activated monomer of DMMB.
1(0,0,0,1) Details