Protein Information

Name Rho kinase
Synonyms NY REN 35 antigen; P160ROCK; ROCK 1; ROCK1; ROK alpha; ROKa; ROKalpha; Rho associated coiled coil containing protein kinase 1…

Compound Information

Name SMA
CAS sodium 2-chloroacetate

Reference List

PubMed Abstract RScore(About this table)
17666953 Li T, Liu L, Liu J, Ming J, Xu J, Yang G, Zhang Y: Mechanisms of Rho kinase regulation of vascular reactivity following hemorrhagic shock in rats. Shock. 2008 Jan;29(1):65-70.

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19271115 Masamune A, Shimosegawa T: Signal transduction in pancreatic stellate cells. J Gastroenterol. 2009;44(4):249-60. Epub 2009 Mar 7.

Signaling molecules, such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-gamma), Rho/Rho kinase, nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB), mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases, phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K), Sma- and Mad-related proteins, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) might be candidates for the development of anti-fibrosis therapy targeting PSCs.
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18929559 Diah S, Zhang GX, Nagai Y, Zhang W, Gang L, Kimura S, Hamid MR, Tamiya T, Nishiyama A, Hitomi H: Aldosterone induces myofibroblastic transdifferentiation and collagen gene expression through the Rho-kinase dependent signaling pathway in rat mesangial cells. Exp Cell Res. 2008 Dec 10;314(20):3654-62. Epub 2008 Oct 7.

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18929863 Song J, Lu YP, Luo GH, Yang L, Ma X, Xia QJ, Shi YJ, Li YP: Effects of mycophenolate mofetil on chronic allograft nephropathy by affecting RHO/ROCK signal pathways. Transplant Proc. 2008 Oct;40(8):2790-4.


Expression of RhoA and ROCK-1 was determined by real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction.
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20006464 Wu G, Tu Y, Jia R: The influence of fasudil on the epithelial-mesenchymal transdifferentiation of renal tubular epithelial cells from diabetic rats. Biomed Pharmacother. 2010 Feb;64(2):124-9. Epub 2009 Oct 23.


Expression of ROCK1, alpha-SMA, E-cadherin and the distribution of beta-catenin in rat renal cortex were revealed by immunohistochemistry.
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18845763 Kim MR, Jeon ES, Kim YM, Lee JS, Kim JH: Thromboxane a (2) induces differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells to smooth muscle-like cells. Stem Cells. 2009 Jan;27(1):191-9.


Furthermore, U46619 induced phosphorylation of myosin light chain (MLC) through CaM/MLC kinase- and Rho kinase-dependent pathways, and the MLC kinase inhibitor ML-7 abrogated U46619-induced alpha-SMA expression and contractility.
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20177148 Jeon ES, Heo SC, Lee IH, Choi YJ, Park JH, Choi KU, Park DY, Suh DS, Yoon MS, Kim JH: Ovarian Cancer-Derived Lysophosphatidic Acid Stimulates Secretion of VEGF and SDF-1a from Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Exp Mol Med. 2010 Feb 22.


LPA activated RhoA in hASCs and pretreatment with the Rho kinase inhibitor Y27632 completely abrogated the LPA-induced expression of a-SMA, SDF-1, and VEGF in hASCs.
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20016221 Sebe A, Erdei Z, Varga K, Bodor C, Mucsi I, Rosivall L: Cdc42 regulates myocardin-related transcription factor nuclear shuttling and alpha-smooth muscle actin promoter activity during renal tubular epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Nephron Exp Nephrol. 2010;114(3):e117-25. Epub 2009 Dec 16.


The Rho-Rho kinase-myosin light chain-myocardin-related transcription factor (MRTF)-serum response factor (SRF) pathway and Rac1, p21-activated kinase (PAK) and p38 were described as important regulators of MRTF localization and SMA expression.
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19940066 Pattabiraman PP, Rao PV: Mechanistic basis of Rho GTPase-induced extracellular matrix synthesis in trabecular meshwork cells. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 2010 Mar;298(3):C749-63. Epub 2009 Nov 25.


RhoAV14-induced changes in ECM synthesis and actin cytoskeletal reorganization were mimicked by lysophosphatidic acid and TGF-beta (2), known to increase resistance to aqueous humor outflow and activate Rho/Rho kinase signaling.
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19324862 Chen J, Guerriero E, Sado Y, SundarRaj N: Rho-mediated regulation of TGF-beta1- and FGF-2-induced activation of corneal stromal keratocytes. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2009 Aug;50(8):3662-70. Epub 2009 Mar 25.


METHODS: Keratocytes isolated from rabbit corneal stroma and plated in a serum-free medium were treated with FGF-2/heparin or TGF-beta1 in the presence or absence of Rho inhibitor (C3 exoenzyme) or ROCK (Rho kinase) inhibitor (Y27632).
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18952846 Kita T, Hata Y, Arita R, Kawahara S, Miura M, Nakao S, Mochizuki Y, Enaida H, Goto Y, Shimokawa H, Hafezi-Moghadam A, Ishibashi T: Role of TGF-beta in proliferative vitreoretinal diseases and ROCK as a therapeutic target. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2008 Nov 11;105(45):17504-9. Epub 2008 Oct 24.


PDR or PVR vitreous promoted expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) and phosphorylation of myosin light chain (MLC), a downstream mediator of Rho-kinase (ROCK), both of which were dramatically but incompletely suppressed by TGF-beta blockade.
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20097679 Bowerman M, Beauvais A, Anderson CL, Kothary R: Rho-kinase inactivation prolongs survival of an intermediate SMA mouse model. Hum Mol Genet. 2010 Apr 15;19(8):1468-78. Epub 2010 Jan 22.

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