Protein Information

Name interleukin (protein family or complex)
Synonyms Interleukin; Interleukins; interleukin receptor; interleukin receptors

Compound Information

Name acrolein
CAS 2-propenal

Reference List

PubMed Abstract RScore(About this table)
15650393 Valacchi G, Pagnin E, Phung A, Nardini M, Schock BC, Cross CE, van der Vliet A: Inhibition of NFkappaB activation and IL-8 expression in human bronchial epithelial cells by acrolein. Antioxid Redox Signal. 2005 Jan-Feb;7(1-2):25-31.

To investigate how acrolein affects respiratory tract cell activation, we exposed either primary (NHBE) or immortalized human bronchial epithelial cells (HBE1) to 0-25 microM acrolein, and determined effects on basal and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFalpha)-induced production of the chemokine interleukin (IL)-8.
31(0,1,1,1) Details
11948286 Malley SE, Vizzard MA: Changes in urinary bladder cytokine mRNA and protein after cyclophosphamide-induced cystitis. Physiol Genomics. 2002;9(1):5-13.


An RNase protection assay was used to measure changes in rat bladder cytokine mRNA [interferon-gamma (IFN)-gamma, interleukin-1alpha/beta (IL-1alpha/beta), IL-2, IL-3, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha/beta (TNF-alpha/beta)] after acute (4 h), intermediate (48 h), or chronic (10 day) cystitis.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
11956484 Ribeiro RA, Freitas HC, Campos MC, Santos CC, Figueiredo FC, Brito GA, Cunha FQ: Tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-1beta mediate the production of nitric oxide involved in the pathogenesis of ifosfamide induced hemorrhagic cystitis in mice. J Urol. 2002 May;167(5):2229-34.

PURPOSE: We investigated the participation of nitric oxide in ifosfamide induced hemorrhagic cystitis in mice, and the involvement of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and interleukin (IL)-1beta in the induction of nitric oxide production in this model.
Ifosfamide injected mice were pretreated with 10 to 40 mg./kg. of the nitric oxide synthesis inhibitor L-NG-nitroarginine methyl ester, 80 mg./kg. of mesna, a chemical antagonist of acrolein and the urotoxic metabolite of ifosfamide, 50 microl. antiserum against TNF-alpha and IL-1beta per mouse, 45 mg./kg. of the selective TNF-alpha synthesis inhibitor thalidomide or 200 mg./kg. of the TNF-alpha and IL-1beta synthesis inhibitor pentoxifylline.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
17225077 Korkmaz A, Topal T, Oter S: Pathophysiological aspects of cyclophosphamide and ifosfamide induced hemorrhagic cystitis; implication of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species as well as PARP activation. Cell Biol Toxicol. 2007 Sep;23(5):303-12. Epub 2007 Jan 15.

Acrolein is the main molecule responsible of this side-effect and mesna (2-mercaptoethane sulfonate) is the commonly used preventive agent.
Thus, many cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and the interleukin (IL) family and transcription factors such as nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) and activator protein-1 (AP-1) also play a role in its pathogenesis.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
20060463 Haswell LE, Hewitt K, Thorne D, Richter A, Gaca MD: Cigarette smoke total particulate matter increases mucous secreting cell numbers in vitro: a potential model of goblet cell hyperplasia. Toxicol In Vitro. 2010 Apr;24(3):981-7. Epub 2010 Jan 7.

Using an in vitro model of differentiated lung epithelium we have investigated morphological and cellular changes in response to interleukin (IL)-13 (2.5-20 ng/ml), cigarette smoke total particulate matter (TPM; 0.31-20 microg/ml) and three mainstream cigarette smoke constituents: acrolein, formaldehyde and acetaldehyde (all at 0.001-1 microM) over 28 days during differentiation (agents replaced daily Monday-Friday).
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20090409 Ott H, Baron JM, Heise R, Skazik C, Merk HF: Tacrolimus modulates dendritic cell activation in the sensitization phase of allergic contact dermatitis. Skin Pharmacol Physiol. 2010;23(1):53-9. Epub 2010 Jan 14.


Quantitative PCR analysis was used to detect gene expression changes, particularly of interleukin (IL) 8, as an indicator of differential dendritic cell (DC) gene expression after sensitizer stimulation in the absence or presence of tacrolimus and betamethasone at two different concentrations.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
19464576 Liu DS, Liu WJ, Chen L, Ou XM, Wang T, Feng YL, Zhang SF, Xu D, Chen YJ, Wen FQ: Rosiglitazone, a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma agonist, attenuates acrolein-induced airway mucus hypersecretion in rats. Toxicology. 2009 Jun 16;260(1-3):112-9. Epub 2009 Apr 5.

The expressions of Muc5ac protein and mRNA, and infiltration of inflammatory cells and levels of inflammatory cytokines (interleukin (IL)-1beta, IL-8 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were detected with real-time PCR, Western blot, cell counting and ELISA.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
16624280 Guo JY, Huo HR, Zhao BS, Liu HB, Li LF, Ma YY, Guo SY, Jiang TL: Cinnamaldehyde reduces IL-1beta-induced cyclooxygenase-2 activity in rat cerebral microvascular endothelial cells. Eur J Pharmacol. 2006 May 10;537(1-3):174-80. Epub 2006 Mar 10.


Then cells were incubated in M199 medium containing interleukin (IL)-1beta in the presence or absence of cinnamaldehyde.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
17077517 Guo JY, Huo HR, Yang YX, Li CH, Liu HB, Zhao BS, Li LF, Ma YY, Guo SY, Jiang TL: 2-methoxycinnamaldehyde reduces IL-1beta-induced prostaglandin production in rat cerebral endothelial cells. Biol Pharm Bull. 2006 Nov;29(11):2214-21.


The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of 2-methoxycinnamaldehyde on PGE2 production of rat cerebral endothelial cells (CECs). 2-Methoxycinnamaldehyde dose-dependently inhibited interleukin (IL)-1beta-induced PGE2 production in CECs with IC50 values of 174 microM.
1(0,0,0,1) Details