Protein Information

Name myeloperoxidase
Synonyms 38 kDa MYELOPEROXIDASE; MPO; Myeloperoxidase; Myeloperoxidase precursor; Peroxidase (Myeloperoxidase); Myeloperoxidases; Myeloperoxidase precursors; Peroxidase (Myeloperoxidase)s

Compound Information

Name acrolein
CAS 2-propenal

Reference List

PubMed Abstract RScore(About this table)
9022075 Anderson MM, Hazen SL, Hsu FF, Heinecke JW: Human neutrophils employ the myeloperoxidase-hydrogen peroxide-chloride system to convert hydroxy-amino acids into glycolaldehyde, 2-hydroxypropanal, and acrolein. J Clin Invest. 1997 Feb 1;99(3):424-32.
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16126721 Shao B, Fu X, McDonald TO, Green PS, Uchida K, O'Brien KD, Oram JF, Heinecke JW: Acrolein impairs ATP binding cassette transporter A1-dependent cholesterol export from cells through site-specific modification of apolipoprotein A-I. J Biol Chem. 2005 Oct 28;280(43):36386-96. Epub 2005 Aug 25.

Lipid peroxidation and threonine oxidation by myeloperoxidase are potential sources of acrolein during inflammation.
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14522963 Kawai Y, Furuhata A, Toyokuni S, Aratani Y, Uchida K: Formation of acrolein-derived 2'-deoxyadenosine adduct in an iron-induced carcinogenesis model. J Biol Chem. 2003 Dec 12;278(50):50346-54. Epub 2003 Sep 30.

Acrolein is a representative carcinogenic aldehyde found ubiquitously in the environment and formed endogenously through oxidation reactions, such as lipid peroxidation and myeloperoxidase-catalyzed amino acid oxidation.
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12921788 Al-Maghrebi MA, Al-Mulla F, Benov LT: Glycolaldehyde induces apoptosis in a human breast cancer cell line. Arch Biochem Biophys. 2003 Sep 1;417(1):123-7.

Activated phagocytes employ myeloperoxidase to generate glycolaldehyde, 2-hydroxypropanal, and acrolein.
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18203133 Stevens JF, Maier CS: Acrolein: sources, metabolism, and biomolecular interactions relevant to human health and disease. Mol Nutr Food Res. 2008 Jan;52(1):7-25.

The main endogenous sources of acrolein are myeloperoxidase-mediated degradation of threonine and amine oxidase-mediated degradation of spermine and spermidine, which may constitute a significant source of acrolein in situations of oxidative stress and inflammation.
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19696094 Conklin DJ, Haberzettl P, Lesgards JF, Prough RA, Srivastava S, Bhatnagar A: Increased sensitivity of glutathione S-transferase P-null mice to cyclophosphamide-induced urinary bladder toxicity. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2009 Nov;331(2):456-69. Epub 2009 Aug 20.

CY treatment also led to greater accumulation of myeloperoxidase-positive cells and specific protein-acrolein adducts in the bladder of GSTP-null than WT mice.
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19418724 Linares-Fernandez B, Alfieri AB: [Changes in nitric oxide, prostaglandins and myeloperoxidase activity in acrolein-induced cystitis in rats]. Invest Clin. 2009 Mar;50(1):23-33.
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16267254 Vasilyev N, Williams T, Brennan ML, Unzek S, Zhou X, Heinecke JW, Spitz DR, Topol EJ, Hazen SL, Penn MS: Myeloperoxidase-generated oxidants modulate left ventricular remodeling but not infarct size after myocardial infarction. Circulation. 2005 Nov 1;112(18):2812-20.

One theoretical source of reactive aldehydes is oxidation of common alpha-amino acids by myeloperoxidase (MPO) released by leukocytes.
METHODS AND RESULTS: In studies with cell types found in vascular tissue, MPO-oxidation products of glycine (formaldehyde) and threonine (acrolein) were the most cytotoxic.
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10484460 Fukuda T, Kim DK, Chin MR, Hales CA, Bonventre JV: Increased group IV cytosolic phospholipase A2 activity in lungs of sheep after smoke inhalation injury. Am J Physiol. 1999 Sep;277(3 Pt 1):L533-42.

Lung myeloperoxidase activity increased progressively with increased exposure to smoke. cPLA2 was identified in sheep neutrophils.
Increased phospholipase A2 (PLA2) activity was measured in cytosolic fractions of lungs from sheep exposed to smoke from burning cotton or to synthetic smoke consisting of carbon and acrolein, a cotton smoke toxin.
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19716872 Lee JY, Kang HS, Park BE, Moon HJ, Sim SS, Kim CJ: Inhibitory effects of Geijigajakyak-Tang on trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid-induced colitis. J Ethnopharmacol. 2009 Nov 12;126(2):244-51. Epub 2009 Aug 28.


MATERIALS AND METHODS: GJT orally given to mice before and after TNBS intoxication, and their clinical and morphological changes, myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in colon tissues, were evaluated on Day 8 post-TNBS.
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11246141 Nguyen H, Finkelstein E, Reznick A, Cross C, van der Vliet A: Cigarette smoke impairs neutrophil respiratory burst activation by aldehyde-induced thiol modifications. Toxicology. 2001 Mar 7;160(1-3):207-17.

Stimulation of neutrophils in the presence of CS resulted in a reduced oxidation and chlorination of HPA, suggesting inhibition of NADPH oxidase or myeloperoxidase (MPO), the two major enzymes involved in inflammatory oxidant formation.
As alpha,beta-unsaturated aldehydes such as acrolein have been implicated in thiol modifications by CS, we exposed neutrophils to acrolein prior to stimulation, and observed inhibition of NADPH oxidase activation in relation to GSH depletion.
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