Protein Information

Name glutamate receptors (protein family or complex)
Synonyms Glutamate receptor; Glutamate receptors

Compound Information

Name rotenone
CAS

Reference List

PubMed Abstract RScore(About this table)
11152381 Kannurpatti SS, Joshi PG, Joshi NB: Calcium sequestering ability of mitochondria modulates influx of calcium through glutamate receptor channel. Neurochem Res. 2000 Dec;25(12):1527-36.

Combined treatment with oligomycin and rotenone further diminished the [Ca2+] i response and also abolished the CCCP mediated rise in [Ca2+] i.
Glutamate stimulation in the absence of Ca2+ in the extracellular medium elicited a small transient rise in [Ca2+] i which can be attributed to the mobilization of Ca2+ from IP3 sensitive endoplasmic reticulum pools consequent to activation of metabotropic glutamate receptors.
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9449429 Nakao N, Nakai K, Itakura T: Metabolic inhibition enhances selective toxicity of L-DOPA toward mesencephalic dopamine neurons in vitro. Brain Res. 1997 Nov 28;777(1-2):202-9.


We investigated whether metabolic inhibition with rotenone, an inhibitor of complex I of the mitochondrial respiratory chain, may enhance the toxicity of L-DOPA toward DA neurons in mesencephalic cultures.
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16624952 Jiang Q, Yan Z, Feng J: Activation of group III metabotropic glutamate receptors attenuates rotenone toxicity on dopaminergic neurons through a microtubule-dependent mechanism. J Neurosci. 2006 Apr 19;26(16):4318-28.
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12895517 Milusheva E, Sperlagh B, Shikova L, Baranyi M, Tretter L, Adam-Vizi V, Vizi ES: Non-synaptic release of [3H] noradrenaline in response to oxidative stress combined with mitochondrial dysfunction in rat hippocampal slices. Neuroscience. 2003;120(3):771-81.

Our results suggest that oxidative stress releases glutamate followed by activation of postsynaptic ionotropic glutamate receptors that trigger nitric oxide production and results in a flood of NA from cytoplasmic stores.
Mitochondrial inhibitors, i.e. rotenone (10 microM), and oligomycin (10 microM) in combination, also decreased the energy charge, but they had only a mild effect on [(3) H] NA release.
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17947304 Duan Y, Gross RA, Sheu SS: Ca2+-dependent generation of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species serves as a signal for poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 activation during glutamate excitotoxicity. J Physiol. 2007 Dec 15;585(Pt 3):741-58. Epub 2007 Oct 18.

Since activation of the glutamate receptors can induce increased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), we investigated the relationship of mitochondrial Ca (2+) uptake and ROS generation, and the possibility that ROS increase is a required signal for PARP-1 activation in cultured striatal neurons.
This ROS increase was inhibited by the mitochondrial complex inhibitors rotenone and oligomycin, but not by the cytosolic phospholipase A (2) or xanthine oxidase inhibitors.
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8815895 Schinder AF, Olson EC, Spitzer NC, Montal M: Mitochondrial dysfunction is a primary event in glutamate neurotoxicity. J Neurosci. 1996 Oct 1;16(19):6125-33.


Glutamate neurotoxicity is triggered primarily by massive Ca2+ influx arising from overstimulation of the NMDA subtype of glutamate receptors.
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7777208 Blandini F, Porter RH, Greenamyre JT: Autoradiographic study of mitochondrial complex I and glutamate receptors in the basal ganglia of rats after unilateral subthalamic lesion. Neurosci Lett. 1995 Feb 17;186(2-3):99-102.

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