Protein Information

Name glutathione S transferase
Synonyms GST class alpha 2; Gst2; GST class alpha; GST class alpha member 2; GST gamma; GSTA 2; GSTA2; GSTA2 2…

Compound Information

Name HCH
CAS 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexachlorocyclohexane

Reference List

PubMed Abstract RScore(About this table)
12038708 Iscan M, Coban T, Cok I, Bulbul D, Eke BC, Burgaz S: The organochlorine pesticide residues and antioxidant enzyme activities in human breast tumors: is there any association?. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2002 Mar;72(2):173-82.

The levels of some organochlorine pesticides (OCP) s (hexachlorobenzene, HCB, alpha-hexachlorocyclohexane, alpha-HCH, beta-HCH, gamma-HCH, heptachlorepoxide, HE, bis (4-chlorophenyl)-1,1-dichloroethene, p.p'DDE, bis (4-chlorophenyl)-1,1,1-trichloroethane, p.p' DDT and total DDT (E-DDT) and antioxidant enzyme activities namely Cu, Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), selenium-dependent glutathione peroxidase (Se-GSH-Px), total glutathione peroxidase (T-GSH-Px), selenium independent glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px II), glutathione reductase (GRd), level of reduced glutathione (GSH) and lipid peroxidation (LP), glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity toward several substrates including 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB), 1,2-dichloro-4-nitrobenzene (DCNB), ethacrynic acid (EAA), 1,2-epoxy-3-(p-nitrophenoxy)-propane (ENPP) were measured in tumor and surrounding tumor free tissues of 24 female breast cancer patients and was evaluated whether there exist any association between the levels of OCPs and antioxidants.
31(0,1,1,1) Details
16156589 Kristensen M: Glutathione S-transferase and insecticide resistance in laboratory strains and field populations of Musca domestica. J Econ Entomol. 2005 Aug;98(4):1341-8.

2(0,0,0,2) Details
12487730 Garcia-Fernandez AJ, Bayoumi AE, Perez-Pertejo Y, Romero D, Ordonez C, Reguera RM, Balana-Fouce R, Ordonez D: Changes in glutathione-redox balance induced by hexachlorocyclohexane and lindane in CHO-K1 cells. Xenobiotica. 2002 Nov;32(11):1007-16.


The sulphur-redox cycle enzymes glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase and glutathione S-transferase, and total and oxidized glutathione were evaluated at several points during the standard growth curve of the cultures. 2.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
18940228 Anilakumar KR, Saritha V, Khanum F, Bawa AS: Ameliorative effect of ajwain extract on hexachlorocyclohexane-induced lipid peroxidation in rat liver. Food Chem Toxicol. 2009 Feb;47(2):279-82. Epub 2008 Oct 4.


Prefeeding of ajwain extract resulted in decreased hepatic levels of lipid peroxides and increased GSH, GSH-peroxidase, G-6-PDH, SOD, catalase and glutathione S-transferase (GST) activities.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
16046044 Srivastava A, Shivanandappa T: Hexachlorocyclohexane differentially alters the antioxidant status of the brain regions in rat. Toxicology. 2005 Oct 15;214(1-2):123-30.


Activities of glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, glutathione-S-transferase and catalase were markedly induced whereas superoxide dismutase was inhibited at higher dose in all the brain regions.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
17123163 Anilakumar KR, Khanum F, Santhanam K: Amelioration of hexachlorocyclohexane-induced oxidative stress by amaranth leaves in rats. Plant Foods Hum Nutr. 2006 Dec;61(4):169-73.


The significant reduction in the level of glutathione S-transferase brought about by HCH was restored to control level by feeding 20% AL.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
17618397 Elia AC, Dorr AJ, Galarini R: Comparison of organochlorine pesticides, PCBs, and heavy metal contamination and of detoxifying response in tissues of Ameiurus melas from Corbara, Alviano, and Trasimeno Lakes, Italy. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol. 2007 Jun;78(6):463-8. Epub 2007 Jul 7.


Glutathione content and the enzymatic activities of glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidase, catalase, glutathione S-transferase, and glyoxalase I were examined in gills, liver, and kidneys of each specimen.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
9515900 Miyauchi K, Suh SK, Nagata Y, Takagi M: Cloning and sequencing of a 2,5-dichlorohydroquinone reductive dehalogenase gene whose product is involved in degradation of gamma-hexachlorocyclohexane by Sphingomonas paucimobilis. J Bacteriol. 1998 Mar;180(6):1354-9.


The linD gene encodes a peptide of 343 amino acids and has a low level of similarity to proteins which belong to the glutathione S-transferase family.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
16838206 Wang F, Xu ZR, Sun JH: Effect of HCH contamination of diet on the growth performance and immune and antioxidant ability in growing/finishing pigs. Vet Res Commun. 2006 Aug;30(6):645-54.


Addition of HCH to feedstuff reduced superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione S-transferase (GST), glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities in liver, reduced serum catalase (CAT) activity, and increased serum malondialehyde (MDA).
1(0,0,0,1) Details
15382504 Kristensen M, Jespersen JB, Knorr M: Cross-resistance potential of fipronil in Musca domestica. Pest Manag Sci. 2004 Sep;60(9):894-900.


Biochemical assays of esterase, glutathione S-transferase and cytochrome P450 monooxygenase indicated that the low fipronil resistance observed in laboratory and field strains could be caused by elevated detoxification or be due to a target-site resistance mechanism with cross-resistance to gamma-HCH.
1(0,0,0,1) Details
1283138 Joseph P, Shivanandappa T, Narasimhamurthy K, Krishnakumari MK: Effect of vitamin A on hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) toxicity in the rat. Gen Pharmacol. 1992 Nov;23(6):1159-64.


The activities of the hepatic xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes were generally low (with the exception of glutathione S-transferase) in the vitamin A-deficient rats compared to those of the vitamin A supplemented diet groups. 5.
1(0,0,0,1) Details