| Name | glutathione S transferase |
|---|---|
| Synonyms | GST class alpha 2; Gst2; GST class alpha; GST class alpha member 2; GST gamma; GSTA 2; GSTA2; GSTA2 2… |
| Name | chlorpyrifos |
|---|---|
| CAS |
| PubMed | Abstract | RScore(About this table) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 15154513 | Ahmad M, Hollingworth RM: Synergism of insecticides provides evidence of metabolic mechanisms of resistance in the obliquebanded leafroller Choristoneura rosaceana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). Pest Manag Sci. 2004 May;60(5):465-73. These studies indicate that enhanced detoxification, often mediated by cytochrome P-450 monooxygenases, but with probable esterase and glutathione S-transferase contributions in some cases, is the major mechanism imparting resistance to different insecticides in C. rosaceana. The interactions between six insecticides (indoxacarb, cypermethrin, chlorpyrifos, azinphosmethyl, tebufenozide and chlorfenapyr) and three potential synergists, (piperonyl butoxide (PBO), S,S,S-tributyl phosphorotrithioate (DEF) and diethyl (DEM)) were studied by dietary exposure in a multi-resistant and a susceptible strain of the obliquebanded leafroller, Choristoneura rosaceana (Harris). |
1(0,0,0,1) | Details |
| 12242675 | Van Erp S, Booth L, Gooneratne R, O'Halloran K: Sublethal responses of wolf spiders (Lycosidae) to organophosphorous insecticides. Environ Toxicol. 2002 Oct;17(5):449-56. The activities of cholinesterase (ChE) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) enzymes were assessed in the wolf spider (Lycosa hilaris) as biomarkers of organophosphate contamination in agricultural ecosystems. Spiders were exposed to simulated field rates of two commercially available organophosphorous insecticides [Basudin (diazinon) and Lorsban (chlorpyrifos)] under laboratory conditions. |
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| 10661713 | Valles SM, Koehler PG, Brenner RJ: Comparative insecticide susceptibility and detoxification enzyme activities among pestiferous blattodea. Comp Biochem Physiol C Pharmacol Toxicol Endocrinol. 1999 Nov;124(3):227-32. Topical bioassays using propoxur, chlorpyrifos, and lambda-cyhalothrin were conducted on eight cockroach species. Propoxur LD50 was significantly (P = 0.01; r = 0.81) correlated with glutathione S-transferase activity. |
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| 17665366 | Reyes M, Franck P, Charmillot PJ, Ioriatti C, Olivares J, Pasqualini E, Sauphanor B: Diversity of insecticide resistance mechanisms and spectrum in European populations of the codling moth, Cydia pomonella. Pest Manag Sci. 2007 Sep;63(9):890-902. None of the observed mechanisms explained the loss of susceptibility of populations to chlorpyrifos-ethyl, and no significant correlation was detected between resistance to deltamethrin and the presence of the kdr mutation. Resistances to azinphos-methyl, diflubenzuron, spinosad, tebufenozide and thiacloprid were significantly correlated with mixed-function oxidase activity, while increased glutathione-S-transferase and reduced non-specific esterase activities were correlated with resistance to azinphos-methyl and emamectin, respectively. |
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| 8294621 | Hemingway J, Dunbar SJ, Monro AG, Small GJ: Pyrethroid resistance in German cockroaches (Dictyoptera: Blattelidae): resistance levels and underlying mechanisms. J Econ Entomol. 1993 Dec;86(6):1631-8. Twelve of these strains were also resistant to chlorpyrifos and propoxur. Possible resistance mechanisms detected in these populations included elevated levels of cytochrome P450, general esterase and glutathione S-transferase, and nerve insensitivity (kdr-type resistance). |
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| 17645302 | Fujioka K, Casida JE: Glutathione S-transferase conjugation of organophosphorus pesticides yields S-phospho-, S-aryl-, and S-alkylglutathione derivatives. Chem Res Toxicol. 2007 Aug;20(8):1211-7. Epub 2007 Jul 21. The major insecticides chlorpyrifos (CP) and diazinon are of particular interest as multifunctional substrates with diverse metabolites, while ClP (S)(OEt) 2 and the cotton defoliant tribufos are possible precursors of phosphorylated GSH conjugates. |
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| 18061672 | Domingues I, Guilhermino L, Soares AM, Nogueira AJ, Monaghan KA: Influence of exposure scenario on pesticide toxicity in the midge Kiefferulus calligaster (Kieffer). Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2009 Feb;72(2):450-7. Epub 2007 Dec 3. In this work, an experimental design was planned to investigate the influence of the organism age, duration of exposure and subsequent recovery period (after cessation of toxic exposure) on chlorpyrifos or carbendazim toxicity to Kiefferulus calligaster. The endpoints studied were cholinesterase (ChE) activity and glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity. |
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| 11699775 | Booth LH, O'Halloran K: A comparison of biomarker responses in the earthworm Aporrectodea caliginosa to the organophosphorus insecticides diazinon and chlorpyrifos. Environ Toxicol Chem. 2001 Nov;20(11):2494-502. After a four-week exposure, juveniles were evaluated for cholinesterase activity, glutathione S-transferase activity, and growth, and adults were evaluated for the lysosomal neutral red retention assay (NRRA) and growth. |
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| 7535964 | Vodela JK, Dalvi RR: Comparative toxicological studies of chlorpyrifos in rats and chickens. Vet Hum Toxicol. 1995 Feb;37(1):1-3. Oral administration resulted in decreased cytochrome P-450 and aminopyrine N-demethylase activities and increased cytosolic glutathione S-transferase activity in rats. |
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| 10774652 | Karunaratne SH: Insecticide cross-resistance spectra and underlying resistance mechanisms of Sri Lankan anopheline vectors of malaria. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health. 1999 Sep;30(3):460-9. Higher glutathione-S-transferase activity was marked in An. subpictus. Adult and larval bioassays were carried out to obtain log-probit mortality lines for malathion, propoxur, permethrin and chlorpyrifos. |
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| 11534949 | Callaghan A, Hirthe G, Fisher T, Crane M: Effect of short-term exposure to chlorpyrifos on developmental parameters and biochemical biomarkers in Chironomus riparius Meigen. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2001 Sep;50(1):19-24. Acetylcholinesterase activity, glutathione-S-transferase activity, burrowing behavior, emergence time, and adult dry weight were measured to determine which were the most sensitive biomarkers of exposure and effect for short-term sublethal exposures. |
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| 20028704 | Mansour SA, Mossa AH: Adverse effects of lactational exposure to chlorpyrifos in suckling rats. Hum Exp Toxicol. 2010 Feb;29(2):77-92. Epub 2009 Dec 22. Exposure of the mothers to CPF caused increase in lipid peroxidation (LPO) and decrease in superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione-s-transferase (GST) in lactating pups. |
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| 16872049 | Singh M, Sandhir R, Kiran R: Erythrocyte antioxidant enzymes in toxicological evaluation of commonly used organophosphate pesticides. Indian J Exp Biol. 2006 Jul;44(7):580-3. Present work is designed to study the in vitro effects of some organophosphates (ethion, chlorpyrifos, dimethoate and monocrotophos) on rat erythrocytes. Treatment of erythrocytes with organophosphates resulted in decreased erythrocyte glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PD) activity, whereas activities of glutathione-s-transferase (GST) and glutathione reductase (GR) were increased. |
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| 7722883 | Lodovici M, Aiolli S, Monserrat C, Dolara P, Medica A, Di Simplicio P: Effect of a mixture of 15 commonly used pesticides on DNA levels of and xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes in rat liver. J Environ Pathol Toxicol Oncol. 1994;13(3):163-8. The level of 8-OH- in rat liver DNA was measured as an index of oxidative damage after treating rats for 10 days at a dose ranging from 0.75 to 10 mg/kg with a mixture of 15 pesticides (dithiocarbamate, benomyl, thiabendazole, diphenylamine, chlorthalonil, procimidone, methidathion, chlorpyrifos-ethyl, fenarimol, parathion-methyl, chlorpropham, parathion, vinclozolin, chlorfenvinphos, pirimiphos-ethyl) commonly found in foods of central Italy. The administration of the pesticide mixture dose dependently reduced benzo (a) pyrene hydroxylase, N-demethylase activities, peroxidase, glutathione reductase, glutathione-S-transferase and thiol transferase activities in the liver. |
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| 10874073 | Hodge S, Longley M, Booth L, Heppelthwaite V, O'Halloran K: An evaluation of glutathione S-transferase activity in the Tasmanian lacewing (Micromus tasmaniae) as a biomarker of organophosphate contamination. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol. 2000 Jul;65(1):8-15. |
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| 12088537 | Fragoso DB, Guedes RN, Guedes RN, Picanco MC, Zambolim L: Insecticide use and organophosphate resistance in the coffee leaf miner Leucoptera coffeella (Lepidoptera: Lyonetiidae). Bull Entomol Res. 2002 Jun;92(3):203-12. Increasing rates of insecticide use against the coffee leaf minerLeucoptera coffeella (Guerin-Meneville) and field reports on insecticide resistance led to an investigation of the possible occurrence of resistance of this species to some of the oldest insecticides used against it in Brazil: chlorpyrifos, disulfoton, ethion and methyl parathion. Results from insecticide bioassays with synergists (diethyl piperonyl butoxide and triphenyl suggested that cytochrome P450-dependent monooxygenases may play a major role in resistance with minor involvement of esterases and glutathione S-transferases. |
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| 19937914 | Feng Y, Wu Q, Wang S, Chang X, Xie W, Xu B, Zhang Y: Cross-resistance study and biochemical mechanisms of thiamethoxam resistance in B-biotype Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae). Pest Manag Sci. 2010 Mar;66(3):313-8. No cross-resistance to fipronil, chlorpyrifos or deltamethrin was seen. |
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| 1719272 | Pence BC, Demick DS, Richard BC, Buddingh F: The efficacy and safety of chlorpyrifos (Dursban) for control of Myobia musculi infestation in mice. Lab Anim Sci. 1991 Apr;41(2):139-42. |
0(0,0,0,0) | Details |
| 11976062 | Valles SM, Woodson WD: Insecticide susceptibility and detoxication enzyme activities among Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki workers sampled from different locations in New Orleans. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol. 2002 Apr;131(4):469-76. The termites were subsequently assayed to determine their susceptibility to cypermethrin, chlordane and chlorpyrifos, and detoxication enzyme activity. |
0(0,0,0,0) | Details |
| 16169541 | Goel A, Dani V, Dhawan DK: Protective effects of zinc on lipid peroxidation, antioxidant enzymes and hepatic histoarchitecture in chlorpyrifos-induced toxicity. Chem Biol Interact. 2005 Oct 20;156(2-3):131-40. On the contrary, chlorpyrifos intoxication caused a significant inhibition in the levels of (GSH), catalase (CAT) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activities. |
81(1,1,1,1) | Details |
| 18615705 | Yang ML, Zhang JZ, Zhu KY, Xuan T, Liu XJ, Guo YP, Ma EB: Mechanisms of organophosphate resistance in a field population of oriental migratory locust, Locusta migratoria manilensis (Meyen). Arch Insect Biochem Physiol. 2009 May;71(1):3-15. The susceptibilities to three organophosphate (OP) insecticides (malathion, chlorpyrifos, and phoxim), responses to three metabolic synergists [triphenyl (TPP), piperonyl butoxide (PBO), and diethyl (DEM)], activities of major detoxification enzymes [general esterases (ESTs), glutathione S-transferases (GSTs), and cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (P450s)], and sensitivity of the target enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE) were compared between a laboratory-susceptible strain (LS) and a field-resistant population (FR) of the oriental migratory locust, Locusta migratoria manilensis (Meyen). |
31(0,1,1,1) | Details |
| 17974266 | Zhang YL, Mu W, Chen ZL, Han ZR, Ma C, Zhai RH: [Susceptibility and related physiological and biochemical mechanisms of Carposina niponensis Walsingham larvae on six insecticides before and after overwintering]. Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao. 2007 Aug;18(8):1913-6. The study with impregnating method showed that after overwintering, the susceptibility of Carposina niponensis larvae on triazophos, phoxim, chlorpyrifos, malathion, lambda-cyhalothrin and abamectin was 34.50, 16.71, 3.89, 3.28, 5.90 and 2.73 times as much as that before overwintering, the total protein, and fat contents and carboxylesterase, acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, glutathione-S-transferase, superoxide dismutase, catalase and peroxidase activities in C. niponensis larvae were decreased by 17.10%, 41.76% and 30.08%, 62.36%, 53.47%, 76.19%, 80.60%, 18.77%, 14.16% and 64.02%, respectively, and the activity of acetylcholinesterase, the target enzyme of many insecticides, was 1.41 times as much as that before overwintering. |
31(0,1,1,1) | Details |
| 19694443 | Xia XJ, Zhang Y, Wu JX, Wang JT, Zhou YH, Shi K, Yu YL, Yu JQ: Brassinosteroids promote metabolism of pesticides in cucumber. J Agric Food Chem. 2009 Sep 23;57(18):8406-13. EBR had a positive effect on the activation of glutathione S-transferase (GST), peroxidase (POD), and glutathione reductase (GR) after treatment with chlorpyrifos, although the effect on GR was attenuated at later time points when plants were treated with 1 mM chlorpyrifos. |
31(0,1,1,1) | Details |
| 16363165 | Liu H, Xu Q, Zhang L, Liu N: Chlorpyrifos resistance in mosquito Culex quinquefasciatus. J Med Entomol. 2005 Sep;42(5):815-20. However, DEM enhanced toxicity of chlorpyrifos to MAmCq 2.5-fold, indicating that glutathione S-transferase (GST)-mediated detoxication may play a minor role in the resistance of MAmCq. |
31(0,1,1,1) | Details |
| 16865602 | Rakotondravelo ML, Anderson TD, Charlton RE, Zhu KY: Sublethal effects of three pesticides on activities of selected target and detoxification enzymes in the aquatic midge, Chironomus tentans (diptera: chironomidae). Arch Environ Contam Toxicol. 2006 Oct;51(3):360-6. Epub 2006 Jul 21. Sublethal effects of three pesticides including atrazine (triazine herbicide), DDT (organochlorinated insecticide), and chlorpyrifos (organophosphate insecticide) on acetylcholinesterase (AChE), general esterase (GE), glutathione S-transferase (GST), and cytochrome P450 monooxygenase (P450) activities were evaluated in the aquatic midge Chironomus tentans. |
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| 19476409 | Vioque-Fernandez A, de Almeida EA, Lopez-Barea J: Biochemical and proteomic effects in Procambarus clarkii after chlorpyrifos or carbaryl exposure under sublethal conditions. Biomarkers. 2009 Aug;14(5):299-310. Chlorpyrifos lowered ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD), catalase and levels but raised glutathione-S-transferase activity, while carbaryl raised EROD, catalase and glutathione-S-transferase, but lowered peroxidase and (GSH) levels. |
6(0,0,1,1) | Details |
| 15620756 | Rendon-von Osten J, Ortiz-Arana A, Guilhermino L, Soares AM: In vivo evaluation of three biomarkers in the mosquitofish (Gambusia yucatana) exposed to pesticides. Chemosphere. 2005 Feb;58(5):627-36. In this study, the acute toxicity and the in vivo effects of commercial chlorpyrifos, carbofuran and formulations on cholinesterase (ChE), glutathione S-transferase (GST) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activities of the mosquitofish (Gambusia yucatana) were investigated. |
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| 14746982 | da Silva Vaz I Jr, Torino Lermen T, Michelon A, Sanchez Ferreira CA, Joaquim de Freitas DR, Termignoni C, Masuda A: Effect of acaricides on the activity of a Boophilus microplus glutathione S-transferase. Vet Parasitol. 2004 Jan 30;119(2-3):237-45. Some acaricides (ethion, amitraz, chlorpyrifos, DDT, cypermethrin, diazinon, ivermectin, deltamethrin and flumethrin) inhibited rGST. |
2(0,0,0,2) | Details |
| 7507502 | Hemingway J, Small GJ, Monro AG: Possible mechanisms of organophosphorus and insecticide resistance in German cockroaches (Dictyoptera: Blattelidae) from different geographical areas. J Econ Entomol. 1993 Dec;86(6):1623-30. Increased levels of glutathione S-transferase activity were found in four strains. The resistance status of 14 strains of Blattella germanica (L.) from four countries was determined for chlorpyrifos and propoxur compared with a standard reference susceptible strain. |
2(0,0,0,2) | Details |
| 17067049 | Zayed AB, Szumlas DE, Hanafi HA, Fryauff DJ, Mostafa AA, Allam KM, Brogdon WG: Use of bioassay and microplate assay to detect and measure insecticide resistance in field populations of Culex pipiens from filariasis endemic areas of Egypt. J Am Mosq Control Assoc. 2006 Sep;22(3):473-82. Microplate assays were performed to measure levels of beta esterase, acetylcholinesterase, insensitive acetylcholinesterase, oxidases, and glutathione-S-transferase enzymes. The Qalubiya larval population was susceptible only to malathion, whereas Sharkiya larvae were susceptible to malathion, temephos, and chlorpyrifos. |
2(0,0,0,2) | Details |
| 19140127 | Wu S, Dou W, Wu JJ, Wang JJ: Purification and partial characterization of glutathione S-transferase from insecticide-resistant field populations of Liposcelis paeta Pearman (Psocoptera: Liposcelididae). Arch Insect Biochem Physiol. 2009 Feb;70(2):136-50. The in vitro inhibition studies of GSTs indicated that three kinds of insecticides (chlorpyrifos, carbosulfan, and cypermethrin) and five metallic ions (Zn (2+), Ba (2+), Ca (2+), Hg (2+), Mn (2+), and Mg (2+)) all possessed inhibitory effects on purified GST, and ethacrynic acid (EA, a specific inhibitor of GST) expressed inhibitory effects. |
2(0,0,0,2) | Details |
| 10630569 | Steevens JA, Benson WH: Toxicological interactions of chlorpyrifos and methyl mercury in the amphipod, Hyalella azteca. Toxicol Sci. 1999 Dec;52(2):168-77. Biochemical endpoints that were evaluated include the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase enzyme and indicators of oxidative stress such as glutathione-S-transferase activity, lipid peroxidation, protein oxidation, and content. |
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