Protein Information

Name thyroid stimulating hormone (protein family or complex)
Synonyms Thyroid stimulating hormone

Compound Information

Name DDT
CAS 1,1′-(2,2,2-trichloroethylidene)bis[4-chlorobenzene]

Reference List

PubMed Abstract RScore(About this table)
19707252 Lopez-Espinosa MJ, Vizcaino E, Murcia M, Fuentes V, Garcia AM, Rebagliato M, Grimalt JO, Ballester F: Prenatal exposure to organochlorine compounds and neonatal thyroid stimulating hormone levels. J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol. 2009 Aug 26.

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18550560 Chevrier J, Eskenazi B, Holland N, Bradman A, Barr DB: Effects of exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls and organochlorine pesticides on thyroid function during pregnancy. Am J Epidemiol. 2008 Aug 1;168(3):298-310. Epub 2008 Jun 10.


These compounds, as well as thyroid-stimulating hormone, total thyroxine, and free thyroxine, were measured in serum samples collected between October 1999 and October 2000 from 334 pregnant women living in the Salinas Valley, California.
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16764480 Mortensen AS, Arukwe A: The persistent DDT metabolite, 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis (p-chlorophenyl) ethylene, alters thyroid hormone-dependent genes, hepatic cytochrome P4503A, and pregnane X receptor gene expressions in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) Parr. Environ Toxicol Chem. 2006 Jun;25(6):1607-15.


Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSHbeta), T4 deiodinase (T4ORD), thyroid receptors (TRalpha and TRbeta), and insulin-like growth factor type 1 receptor (IGF-1R) were analyzed using quantitative (real-time) polymerase chain reaction in liver, brain, and kidney, whereas cytochrome P4503A (CYP3A) and pregnane X receptor (PXR) mRNA levels were analyzed only in the liver.
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17056472 Mortensen AS, Kortner TM, Arukwe A: Thyroid hormone-dependent gene expression as a biomarker of short-term 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis (p-chlorophenyl) ethylene (DDE) exposure in European common frog (Rana temporaria) tadpoles. Biomarkers. 2006 Nov-Dec;11(6):524-37.


Expression patterns of genes encoding for growth hormone, thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSHbeta) and thyroid hormone receptor (TRalpha and TRbeta) isoforms were evaluated in the head, body and tail regions using a validated real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method.
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17521129 Hall AJ, Thomas GO: Polychlorinated biphenyls, DDT, polybrominated diphenyl ethers, and organic pesticides in United Kingdom harbor seals (Phoca vitulina)--mixed exposures and thyroid homeostasis. Environ Toxicol Chem. 2007 May;26(5):851-61.


Serum TT3 levels in the harbor seals with the highest exposures might be indicative of a T3 thyrotoxicosis, but without information on free T3 and circulating thyroid-stimulating hormone levels, it is difficult to determine the importance of this observation for the health of the individuals or populations.
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20093282 Chen M, Chiou P, Liao YH, Lin CM, Chen T: Development and characterization of five Rainbow Trout pituitary single-cell clone lines capable of producing pituitary hormones. J Endocrinol. 2010 Jan 21.


Reverse transcription (RT)-PCR analysis revealed that, in addition to expressing growth hormone (GH), prolactin (PRL) and estradiol receptor alpha (E2Ralpha) genes, each single-cell clone line also expressed other pituitary specific genes such as thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), gonadotropin I (GTH-1), gonadotropin II (GTH-2), somatolactin (SL), proopiomelanocortin-B (POMC-B) and corticoidsteroid receptor (CR).
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16492389 Asawasinsopon R, Prapamontol T, Prakobvitayakit O, Vaneesorn Y, Mangklabruks A, Hock B: The association between organochlorine and thyroid hormone levels in cord serum: a study from northern Thailand. Environ Int. 2006 May;32(4):554-9. Epub 2006 Feb 21.


Umbilical cord blood was collected for measuring OCs, total lipids, and thyroid hormones, including total thyroxine (TT (4)), free thyroxine (FT (4)), and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH). 1,1-dichloro-2,2-di (4-chlorophenyl) ethylene (p,p'-DDE) had the highest level in all serum samples with a geometric mean of 1,191 ng/g lipids in maternal serum and 742 ng/g lipids in cord serum.
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17189629 Meeker JD, Altshul L, Hauser R: Serum PCBs, p,p'-DDE and HCB predict thyroid hormone levels in men. Environ Res. 2007 Jun;104(2):296-304. Epub 2006 Dec 26.


Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; CYP, cytochrome P450; DDT, 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis (p-chlorophenyl) ethane; HCB, hexachlorobenzene; MDL, method detection limit; NHANES, national health and nutrition examination survey: p,p (')-DDE, 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis (p-chlorophenyl) ethylene; PCB, polychlorinated biphenyl; T (3), triiodothyronine; T (4), thryoxine; TSH, thyroid stimulating hormone (thyrotrophin); US, United States.
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19766106 Rossi M, Dimida A, Ferrarini E, Silvano E, De Marco G, Agretti P, Aloisi G, Simoncini T, Di Bari L, Tonacchera M, Giorgi F, Maggio R: Presence of a putative steroidal allosteric site on glycoprotein hormone receptors. Eur J Pharmacol. 2009 Nov 25;623(1-3):155-9. Epub 2009 Sep 17.


In a previous work we found that the insecticide 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis (p-chlorophenyl) ethane (DDT), inhibits the accumulation of cAMP as induced by the bovine thyroid stimulating hormone (bTSH) in cells transfected with the TSH receptor.
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